Part of Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems 16 (NIPS 2003)
Yoshua Bengio, Jean-françcois Paiement, Pascal Vincent, Olivier Delalleau, Nicolas L. Roux, Marie Ouimet
Several unsupervised learning algorithms based on an eigendecompo- sition provide either an embedding or a clustering only for given train- ing points, with no straightforward extension for out-of-sample examples short of recomputing eigenvectors. This paper provides a unified frame- work for extending Local Linear Embedding (LLE), Isomap, Laplacian Eigenmaps, Multi-Dimensional Scaling (for dimensionality reduction) as well as for Spectral Clustering. This framework is based on seeing these algorithms as learning eigenfunctions of a data-dependent kernel. Numerical experiments show that the generalizations performed have a level of error comparable to the variability of the embedding algorithms due to the choice of training data.