"""
Neural Spline Flows, coupling and autoregressive

Paper reference: Durkan et al https://arxiv.org/abs/1906.04032
Code reference: slightly modified https://github.com/tonyduan/normalizing-flows/blob/master/nf/flows.py
"""

import numpy as np
import torch
import torch.nn as nn
import torch.nn.functional as F
import torch.nn.init as init

from ..nets import MLP4

DEFAULT_MIN_BIN_WIDTH = 1e-3
DEFAULT_MIN_BIN_HEIGHT = 1e-3
DEFAULT_MIN_DERIVATIVE = 1e-3


def searchsorted(bin_locations, inputs, eps=1e-6):
    bin_locations[..., -1] += eps
    return torch.sum(
        inputs[..., None] >= bin_locations,
        dim=-1
    ) - 1


def unconstrained_RQS(inputs, unnormalized_widths, unnormalized_heights,
                      unnormalized_derivatives, inverse=False,
                      tail_bound=1., min_bin_width=DEFAULT_MIN_BIN_WIDTH,
                      min_bin_height=DEFAULT_MIN_BIN_HEIGHT,
                      min_derivative=DEFAULT_MIN_DERIVATIVE):
    inside_intvl_mask = (inputs >= -tail_bound) & (inputs <= tail_bound)
    outside_interval_mask = ~inside_intvl_mask

    outputs = torch.zeros_like(inputs)
    logabsdet = torch.zeros_like(inputs)

    unnormalized_derivatives = F.pad(unnormalized_derivatives, pad=(1, 1))
    constant = np.log(np.exp(1 - min_derivative) - 1)
    unnormalized_derivatives[..., 0] = constant
    unnormalized_derivatives[..., -1] = constant

    outputs[outside_interval_mask] = inputs[outside_interval_mask]
    logabsdet[outside_interval_mask] = 0

    outputs[inside_intvl_mask], logabsdet[inside_intvl_mask] = RQS(
        inputs=inputs[inside_intvl_mask],
        unnormalized_widths=unnormalized_widths[inside_intvl_mask, :],
        unnormalized_heights=unnormalized_heights[inside_intvl_mask, :],
        unnormalized_derivatives=unnormalized_derivatives[inside_intvl_mask, :],
        inverse=inverse,
        left=-tail_bound, right=tail_bound, bottom=-tail_bound, top=tail_bound,
        min_bin_width=min_bin_width,
        min_bin_height=min_bin_height,
        min_derivative=min_derivative
    )
    return outputs, logabsdet


def RQS(inputs, unnormalized_widths, unnormalized_heights,
        unnormalized_derivatives, inverse=False, left=0., right=1.,
        bottom=0., top=1., min_bin_width=DEFAULT_MIN_BIN_WIDTH,
        min_bin_height=DEFAULT_MIN_BIN_HEIGHT,
        min_derivative=DEFAULT_MIN_DERIVATIVE):
    if torch.min(inputs) < left or torch.max(inputs) > right:
        raise ValueError("Input outside domain")

    num_bins = unnormalized_widths.shape[-1]

    if min_bin_width * num_bins > 1.0:
        raise ValueError('Minimal bin width too large for the number of bins')
    if min_bin_height * num_bins > 1.0:
        raise ValueError('Minimal bin height too large for the number of bins')

    widths = F.softmax(unnormalized_widths, dim=-1)
    widths = min_bin_width + (1 - min_bin_width * num_bins) * widths
    cumwidths = torch.cumsum(widths, dim=-1)
    cumwidths = F.pad(cumwidths, pad=(1, 0), mode='constant', value=0.0)
    cumwidths = (right - left) * cumwidths + left
    cumwidths[..., 0] = left
    cumwidths[..., -1] = right
    widths = cumwidths[..., 1:] - cumwidths[..., :-1]

    derivatives = min_derivative + F.softplus(unnormalized_derivatives)

    heights = F.softmax(unnormalized_heights, dim=-1)
    heights = min_bin_height + (1 - min_bin_height * num_bins) * heights
    cumheights = torch.cumsum(heights, dim=-1)
    cumheights = F.pad(cumheights, pad=(1, 0), mode='constant', value=0.0)
    cumheights = (top - bottom) * cumheights + bottom
    cumheights[..., 0] = bottom
    cumheights[..., -1] = top
    heights = cumheights[..., 1:] - cumheights[..., :-1]

    if inverse:
        bin_idx = searchsorted(cumheights, inputs)[..., None]
    else:
        bin_idx = searchsorted(cumwidths, inputs)[..., None]

    input_cumwidths = cumwidths.gather(-1, bin_idx)[..., 0]
    input_bin_widths = widths.gather(-1, bin_idx)[..., 0]

    input_cumheights = cumheights.gather(-1, bin_idx)[..., 0]
    delta = heights / widths
    input_delta = delta.gather(-1, bin_idx)[..., 0]

    input_derivatives = derivatives.gather(-1, bin_idx)[..., 0]
    input_derivatives_plus_one = derivatives[..., 1:].gather(-1, bin_idx)
    input_derivatives_plus_one = input_derivatives_plus_one[..., 0]

    input_heights = heights.gather(-1, bin_idx)[..., 0]

    if inverse:
        a = (((inputs - input_cumheights) * (input_derivatives \
                                             + input_derivatives_plus_one - 2 * input_delta) \
              + input_heights * (input_delta - input_derivatives)))
        b = (input_heights * input_derivatives - (inputs - input_cumheights) \
             * (input_derivatives + input_derivatives_plus_one \
                - 2 * input_delta))
        c = - input_delta * (inputs - input_cumheights)

        discriminant = b.pow(2) - 4 * a * c
        assert (discriminant >= 0).all()

        root = (2 * c) / (-b - torch.sqrt(discriminant))
        outputs = root * input_bin_widths + input_cumwidths

        theta_one_minus_theta = root * (1 - root)
        denominator = input_delta \
                      + ((input_derivatives + input_derivatives_plus_one \
                          - 2 * input_delta) * theta_one_minus_theta)
        derivative_numerator = input_delta.pow(2) \
                               * (input_derivatives_plus_one * root.pow(2) \
                                  + 2 * input_delta * theta_one_minus_theta \
                                  + input_derivatives * (1 - root).pow(2))
        logabsdet = torch.log(derivative_numerator) - 2 * torch.log(denominator)
        return outputs, -logabsdet
    else:
        theta = (inputs - input_cumwidths) / input_bin_widths
        theta_one_minus_theta = theta * (1 - theta)

        numerator = input_heights * (input_delta * theta.pow(2) \
                                     + input_derivatives * theta_one_minus_theta)
        denominator = input_delta + ((input_derivatives \
                                      + input_derivatives_plus_one - 2 * input_delta) \
                                     * theta_one_minus_theta)
        outputs = input_cumheights + numerator / denominator

        derivative_numerator = input_delta.pow(2) \
                               * (input_derivatives_plus_one * theta.pow(2) \
                                  + 2 * input_delta * theta_one_minus_theta \
                                  + input_derivatives * (1 - theta).pow(2))
        logabsdet = torch.log(derivative_numerator) - 2 * torch.log(denominator)
        return outputs, logabsdet


class NSF_AR(nn.Module):
    """ Neural spline flow, coupling layer, [Durkan et al. 2019] """

    def __init__(self, dim, K=5, B=3, hidden_dim=8, base_network=MLP4):
        super().__init__()
        self.dim = dim
        self.K = K
        self.B = B
        self.layers = nn.ModuleList()
        self.init_param = nn.Parameter(torch.Tensor(3 * K - 1))
        for i in range(1, dim):
            self.layers += [base_network(i, 3 * K - 1, hidden_dim)]
        self.reset_parameters()

    def reset_parameters(self):
        init.uniform_(self.init_param, - 1 / 2, 1 / 2)

    def forward(self, x):
        z = torch.zeros_like(x)
        log_det = torch.zeros(z.shape[0])
        for i in range(self.dim):
            if i == 0:
                init_param = self.init_param.expand(x.shape[0], 3 * self.K - 1)
                W, H, D = torch.split(init_param, self.K, dim=1)
            else:
                out = self.layers[i - 1](x[:, :i])
                W, H, D = torch.split(out, self.K, dim=1)
            W, H = torch.softmax(W, dim=1), torch.softmax(H, dim=1)
            W, H = 2 * self.B * W, 2 * self.B * H
            D = F.softplus(D)
            z[:, i], ld = unconstrained_RQS(x[:, i], W, H, D, inverse=False, tail_bound=self.B)
            log_det += ld
        return z, log_det

    def backward(self, z):
        x = torch.zeros_like(z)
        log_det = torch.zeros(x.shape[0])
        for i in range(self.dim):
            if i == 0:
                init_param = self.init_param.expand(x.shape[0], 3 * self.K - 1)
                W, H, D = torch.split(init_param, self.K, dim=1)
            else:
                out = self.layers[i - 1](x[:, :i])
                W, H, D = torch.split(out, self.K, dim=1)
            W, H = torch.softmax(W, dim=1), torch.softmax(H, dim=1)
            W, H = 2 * self.B * W, 2 * self.B * H
            D = F.softplus(D)
            x[:, i], ld = unconstrained_RQS(z[:, i], W, H, D, inverse=True, tail_bound=self.B)
            log_det += ld
        return x, log_det


class NSF_CL(nn.Module):
    """ Neural spline flow, coupling layer, [Durkan et al. 2019] """

    def __init__(self, dim, K=5, B=3, hidden_dim=8, base_network=MLP4):
        super().__init__()
        self.dim = dim
        self.K = K
        self.B = B
        self.f1 = base_network(dim // 2, (3 * K - 1) * dim // 2, hidden_dim)
        self.f2 = base_network(dim // 2, (3 * K - 1) * dim // 2, hidden_dim)

    def forward(self, x):
        log_det = torch.zeros(x.shape[0])
        lower, upper = x[:, :self.dim // 2], x[:, self.dim // 2:]
        out = self.f1(lower).reshape(-1, self.dim // 2, 3 * self.K - 1)
        W, H, D = torch.split(out, self.K, dim=2)
        W, H = torch.softmax(W, dim=2), torch.softmax(H, dim=2)
        W, H = 2 * self.B * W, 2 * self.B * H
        D = F.softplus(D)
        upper, ld = unconstrained_RQS(upper, W, H, D, inverse=False, tail_bound=self.B)
        log_det += torch.sum(ld, dim=1)
        out = self.f2(upper).reshape(-1, self.dim // 2, 3 * self.K - 1)
        W, H, D = torch.split(out, self.K, dim=2)
        W, H = torch.softmax(W, dim=2), torch.softmax(H, dim=2)
        W, H = 2 * self.B * W, 2 * self.B * H
        D = F.softplus(D)
        lower, ld = unconstrained_RQS(lower, W, H, D, inverse=False, tail_bound=self.B)
        log_det += torch.sum(ld, dim=1)
        return torch.cat([lower, upper], dim=1), log_det

    def backward(self, z):
        log_det = torch.zeros(z.shape[0])
        lower, upper = z[:, :self.dim // 2], z[:, self.dim // 2:]
        out = self.f2(upper).reshape(-1, self.dim // 2, 3 * self.K - 1)
        W, H, D = torch.split(out, self.K, dim=2)
        W, H = torch.softmax(W, dim=2), torch.softmax(H, dim=2)
        W, H = 2 * self.B * W, 2 * self.B * H
        D = F.softplus(D)
        lower, ld = unconstrained_RQS(lower, W, H, D, inverse=True, tail_bound=self.B)
        log_det += torch.sum(ld, dim=1)
        out = self.f1(lower).reshape(-1, self.dim // 2, 3 * self.K - 1)
        W, H, D = torch.split(out, self.K, dim=2)
        W, H = torch.softmax(W, dim=2), torch.softmax(H, dim=2)
        W, H = 2 * self.B * W, 2 * self.B * H
        D = F.softplus(D)
        upper, ld = unconstrained_RQS(upper, W, H, D, inverse=True, tail_bound=self.B)
        log_det += torch.sum(ld, dim=1)
        return torch.cat([lower, upper], dim=1), log_det
