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# LLaVa

## Overview

LLaVa is an open-source chatbot trained by fine-tuning LlamA/Vicuna on GPT-generated multimodal instruction-following data. It is an auto-regressive language model, based on the transformer architecture. In other words, it is an multi-modal version of LLMs fine-tuned for chat / instructions.

The LLaVa model was proposed in [Visual Instruction Tuning](https://arxiv.org/abs/2304.08485) and improved in [Improved Baselines with Visual Instruction Tuning](https://arxiv.org/pdf/2310.03744) by Haotian Liu, Chunyuan Li, Yuheng Li and Yong Jae Lee.

The abstract from the paper is the following:

*Large multimodal models (LMM) have recently shown encouraging progress with visual instruction tuning. In this note, we show that the fully-connected vision-language cross-modal connector in LLaVA is surprisingly powerful and data-efficient. With simple modifications to LLaVA, namely, using CLIP-ViT-L-336px with an MLP projection and adding academic-task-oriented VQA data with simple response formatting prompts, we establish stronger baselines that achieve state-of-the-art across 11 benchmarks. Our final 13B checkpoint uses merely 1.2M publicly available data, and finishes full training in ∼1 day on a single 8-A100 node. We hope this can make state-of-the-art LMM research more accessible. Code and model will be publicly available*

<img src="https://huggingface.co/datasets/huggingface/documentation-images/resolve/main/transformers/model_doc/llava_architecture.jpg"
alt="drawing" width="600"/>

<small> LLaVa architecture. Taken from the <a href="https://arxiv.org/abs/2304.08485">original paper.</a> </small>

This model was contributed by [ArthurZ](https://huggingface.co/ArthurZ) and [ybelkada](https://huggingface.co/ybelkada).
The original code can be found [here](https://github.com/haotian-liu/LLaVA/tree/main/llava).

## Usage tips

- We advise users to use `padding_side="left"` when computing batched generation as it leads to more accurate results. Simply make sure to call `processor.tokenizer.padding_side = "left"` before generating.

- Note the model has not been explicitly trained to process multiple images in the same prompt, although this is technically possible, you may experience inaccurate results.


> [!NOTE]
> LLaVA models after release v4.46 will raise warnings about adding `processor.patch_size = {{patch_size}}`, `processor.num_additional_image_tokens = {{num_additional_image_tokens}}` and processor.vision_feature_select_strategy = {{vision_feature_select_strategy}}`. It is strongly recommended to add the attributes to the processor if you own the model checkpoint, or open a PR if it is not owned by you.
Adding these attributes means that LLaVA will try to infer the number of image tokens required per image and expand the text with as many `<image>` placeholders as there will be tokens. Usually it is around 500 tokens per image, so make sure that the text is not truncated as otherwise there will be failure when merging the embeddings.
The attributes can be obtained from model config, as `model.config.vision_config.patch_size` or `model.config.vision_feature_select_strategy`. The `num_additional_image_tokens` should be `1` if the vision backbone adds a CLS token or `0` if nothing extra is added to the vision patches.


### Single image inference

For best results, we recommend users to use the processor's `apply_chat_template()` method to format your prompt correctly. For that you need to construct a conversation history, passing in a plain string will not format your prompt. Each message in the conversation history for chat templates is a dictionary with keys "role" and "content". The "content" should be a list of dictionaries, for "text" and "image" modalities, as follows:

```python
from transformers import AutoProcessor

processor = AutoProcessor.from_pretrained("llava-hf/llava-1.5-7b-hf")

conversation = [
    {
        "role": "user",
        "content": [
            {"type": "image"},
            {"type": "text", "text": "What’s shown in this image?"},
            ],
    },
    {
        "role": "assistant",
        "content": [{"type": "text", "text": "This image shows a red stop sign."},]
    },
    {

        "role": "user",
        "content": [
            {"type": "text", "text": "Describe the image in more details."},
        ],
    },
]

text_prompt = processor.apply_chat_template(conversation, add_generation_prompt=True)

# Note that the template simply formats your prompt, you still have to tokenize it and obtain pixel values for your images
print(text_prompt)
>>> "USER: <image>\n<What’s shown in this image? ASSISTANT: This image shows a red stop sign.</s>USER: Describe the image in more details. ASSISTANT:"
```

### Batched inference

LLaVa also supports batched inference. Here is how you can do it:

```python
import requests
from PIL import Image
import torch
from transformers import AutoProcessor, LlavaForConditionalGeneration

# Load the model in half-precision
model = LlavaForConditionalGeneration.from_pretrained("llava-hf/llava-1.5-7b-hf", torch_dtype=torch.float16, device_map="auto")
processor = AutoProcessor.from_pretrained("llava-hf/llava-1.5-7b-hf")

# Get two different images
url = "https://www.ilankelman.org/stopsigns/australia.jpg"
image_stop = Image.open(requests.get(url, stream=True).raw)

url = "http://images.cocodataset.org/val2017/000000039769.jpg"
image_cats = Image.open(requests.get(url, stream=True).raw)

# Prepare a batch of two prompts
conversation_1 = [
    {
        "role": "user",
        "content": [
            {"type": "image"},
            {"type": "text", "text": "What is shown in this image?"},
        ],
    },
]

conversation_2 = [
    {
        "role": "user",
        "content": [
            {"type": "image"},
            {"type": "text", "text": "What is shown in this image?"},
        ],
    },
]

prompt_1 = processor.apply_chat_template(conversation_1, add_generation_prompt=True)
prompt_2 = processor.apply_chat_template(conversation_2, add_generation_prompt=True)
prompts = [prompt_1, prompt_2]

# We can simply feed images in the order they have to be used in the text prompt
inputs = processor(images=[image_stop, image_cats, image_snowman], text=prompts, padding=True, return_tensors="pt").to(model.device, torch.float16)

# Generate
generate_ids = model.generate(**inputs, max_new_tokens=30)
processor.batch_decode(generate_ids, skip_special_tokens=True)
```

- If you want to construct a chat prompt yourself, below is a list of prompt formats accepted by each llava checkpoint:

[llava-interleave models](https://huggingface.co/collections/llava-hf/llava-interleave-668e19a97da0036aad4a2f19) requires the following format:
```bash
"<|im_start|>user <image>\nWhat is shown in this image?<|im_end|><|im_start|>assistant"
```

For multiple turns conversation:

```bash
"<|im_start|>user <image>\n<prompt1><|im_end|><|im_start|>assistant <answer1><|im_end|><|im_start|>user <image>\n<prompt1><|im_end|><|im_start|>assistant "
```

[llava-1.5 models](https://huggingface.co/collections/llava-hf/llava-15-65f762d5b6941db5c2ba07e0) requires the following format:
```bash
"USER: <image>\n<prompt> ASSISTANT:"
```

For multiple turns conversation:

```bash
"USER: <image>\n<prompt1> ASSISTANT: <answer1></s>USER: <prompt2> ASSISTANT: <answer2></s>USER: <prompt3> ASSISTANT:"
```

### Using Flash Attention 2

Flash Attention 2 is an even faster, optimized version of the previous optimization, please refer to the [Flash Attention 2 section of performance docs](https://huggingface.co/docs/transformers/perf_infer_gpu_one).

## Resources

A list of official Hugging Face and community (indicated by 🌎) resources to help you get started with BEiT.

<PipelineTag pipeline="image-to-text"/>

- A [Google Colab demo](https://colab.research.google.com/drive/1qsl6cd2c8gGtEW1xV5io7S8NHh-Cp1TV?usp=sharing) on how to run Llava on a free-tier Google colab instance leveraging 4-bit inference.
- A [similar notebook](https://github.com/NielsRogge/Transformers-Tutorials/blob/master/LLaVa/Inference_with_LLaVa_for_multimodal_generation.ipynb) showcasing batched inference. 🌎


## LlavaConfig

[[autodoc]] LlavaConfig

## LlavaProcessor

[[autodoc]] LlavaProcessor

## LlavaForConditionalGeneration

[[autodoc]] LlavaForConditionalGeneration
    - forward
