## Molecule 1

**SMILES:** C1=CC=C(C=C1)C/C(=N/OS(=O)(=O)O)/S[C@H]2[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O2)CO)O)O)O

**IUPAC Name:** [(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl] (1Z)-2-phenyl-N-sulfooxyethanimidothioate

**Description:** Glucotropeolin is an aralkylglucosinolic acid that consists of 1-thio-beta-D-glucopyranose attached to a 2-phenyl-N-(sulfooxy)ethanimidoyl group at the anomeric sulfur. It is an aralkylglucosinolic acid and a member of benzenes. It is functionally related to a (Z)-desulfoglucotropeolin and a desulfoglucotropeolin. It is a conjugate acid of a glucotropeolin(1-). Benzyl glucosinolate is a natural product found in Lepidium meyenii, Carica papaya, and other organisms with data available.


**Response:** The given molecule is a complex organic compound with several distinct structural features that contribute to its chemical properties. It is a derivative of a sugar moiety, specifically a hexose, which is evident from the oxan-2-yl group, indicating a six-membered ring structure typical of pyranoses. This sugar moiety is substituted with multiple hydroxyl groups, which are responsible for its hydrophilic nature and ability to form hydrogen bonds. These hydroxyl groups also contribute to the molecule's solubility in water and its potential reactivity with other polar compounds.

The presence of a phenyl group attached to the ethanimidothioate moiety introduces aromatic character to the molecule. This aromatic ring can participate in π-π interactions and may influence the molecule's overall stability and reactivity. The phenyl group can also affect the electronic distribution within the molecule, potentially impacting its interaction with biological targets.

The ethanimidothioate group, which includes a sulfur atom, suggests that the molecule may have some degree of nucleophilicity or electrophilicity, depending on the surrounding environment. The presence of the imidothioate linkage can also contribute to the molecule's reactivity, particularly in biological systems where sulfur-containing groups are often involved in enzymatic transformations.

Additionally, the sulfooxy group attached to the nitrogen atom introduces a strong acidic character to the molecule. This group can undergo hydrolysis or participate in sulfonation reactions, which are common in biological systems. The sulfooxy group also increases the molecule's polarity, enhancing its solubility in aqueous environments and potentially affecting its transport and distribution in biological systems.

Overall, the given molecule's chemical properties are largely influenced by its hydrophilic sugar moiety, aromatic phenyl group, reactive sulfur-containing linkage, and acidic sulfooxy group. These features collectively contribute to its biological activity and interactions within natural systems.

---

## Molecule 2

**SMILES:** C[C@]12CC[C@H](C1(C)C)C[C@H]2O

**IUPAC Name:** (1S,2R,4S)-1,7,7-trimethylbicyclo[2.2.1]heptan-2-ol

**Description:** Borneol appears as a white colored lump-solid with a sharp camphor-like odor. Burns readily. Slightly denser than water and insoluble in water. Used to make perfumes. (-)-borneol is a borneol. It is an enantiomer of a (+)-borneol. (-)-Borneol is a natural product found in Artemisia douglasiana, Larix gmelinii, and other organisms with data available.


**Response:** The given molecule is a bicyclic monoterpenoid alcohol, characterized by a bicyclo[2.2.1]heptane framework with three methyl groups and a hydroxyl group. This structure is typical of camphor, a well-known natural compound.

**Chemical Properties:**

1. **Hydroxyl Group:** The presence of the hydroxyl group (-OH) makes the given molecule an alcohol. This functional group is responsible for its ability to form hydrogen bonds, which contributes to its relatively high boiling point compared to hydrocarbons of similar molecular weight. The hydroxyl group also imparts some solubility in water, although the overall hydrophobic nature of the molecule limits this solubility.

2. **Chirality:** The given molecule has two chiral centers, which means it can exist in different stereoisomeric forms. The specific stereochemistry indicated by the (1S,4R) configuration affects its interaction with biological systems, influencing its olfactory properties and potential biological activity.

3. **Bicyclic Structure:** The bicyclo[2.2.1]heptane framework provides rigidity to the molecule, which is important for its role as a fragrance. The compact and stable structure contributes to its persistence in formulations and its ability to volatilize slowly, providing a sustained scent.

4. **Methyl Groups:** The three methyl groups attached to the bicyclic structure increase the hydrophobic character of the molecule. This contributes to its low water solubility and enhances its ability to dissolve in oils and other non-polar solvents, making it suitable for use in perfumes and cosmetics.

5. **Volatility and Fragrance:** The combination of the bicyclic structure and the hydroxyl group allows the given molecule to have a pleasant, cool scent. Its volatility is moderate, allowing it to be perceived as a fragrance at relatively low concentrations.

Overall, the given molecule's chemical properties are largely influenced by its bicyclic structure, hydroxyl group, and methyl substituents, which together define its role as a fragrance and its behavior in various chemical environments.

---

## Molecule 3

**SMILES:** C1=CC=C(C=C1)OC2=CC=CC=C2

**IUPAC Name:** phenoxybenzene

**Description:** Diphenyl oxide appears as colorless liquid with a mild pleasant odor. May float or sink in water. Freezing point is 81 °F. (USCG, 1999) Diphenyl ether is an aromatic ether in which the oxygen is attached to two phenyl substituents. It has been found in muscat grapes and vanilla. It has a role as a plant metabolite. Diphenyl ether is a natural product found in Vitis vinifera and Mangifera indica with data available.


**Response:** The given molecule, diphenyl ether, is an aromatic compound consisting of two phenyl rings connected by an oxygen atom, forming an ether linkage. This structure imparts several chemical properties to the molecule:

1. **Aromaticity**: The presence of two phenyl rings means the molecule has significant aromatic character. Aromatic compounds are known for their stability due to resonance, which involves the delocalization of electrons across the ring structure. This contributes to the molecule's chemical stability and relatively low reactivity compared to aliphatic ethers.

2. **Ether Linkage**: The oxygen atom connecting the two phenyl rings is an ether functional group. Ethers generally have lower reactivity than alcohols due to the absence of a hydrogen atom bonded to oxygen that can participate in hydrogen bonding. However, the ether linkage can still engage in dipole-dipole interactions due to the polar nature of the C-O bond.

3. **Solubility**: The given molecule is insoluble in water. This is due to the non-polar nature of the phenyl rings, which dominate the molecule's overall structure, outweighing the polar nature of the ether linkage. The molecule is more soluble in organic solvents, which can better accommodate its non-polar characteristics.

4. **Density and State**: The given molecule is a colorless liquid at room temperature, with a density of 1.13 g/cm³. This density is typical for organic compounds with aromatic rings, which often have a higher density than water due to the presence of carbon atoms.

5. **Flammability**: The flash point of 430 °F indicates that the given molecule is relatively flammable, but it requires a high temperature to ignite. This property is common among aromatic compounds, which can undergo combustion reactions.

6. **Toxicity**: The molecule is toxic by ingestion and inhalation, which is typical for many aromatic ethers. This toxicity is likely due to the ability of the aromatic rings to interact with biological systems, potentially disrupting normal cellular functions.

Overall, the chemical properties of the given molecule are largely influenced by its aromatic structure and ether linkage, which contribute to its stability, solubility, and reactivity profile.

---

## Molecule 4

**SMILES:** C1=CC=C(C=C1)C[C@@H](C(=O)O)NC(=O)CC[C@@H](C(=O)O)N

**IUPAC Name:** (2S)-2-amino-5-[[(1S)-1-carboxy-2-phenylethyl]amino]-5-oxopentanoic acid

**Description:** Gamma-Glu-Phe is a dipeptide obtained by formal condensation of the side-chain carboxy group of L-glutamic acid with the amino group of L-phenylalanine. It has a role as a human urinary metabolite. It is a conjugate acid of a gamma-Glu-Phe(1-). gamma-Glutamylphenylalanine is a natural product found in Vigna radiata, Brassica napus, and other organisms with data available.


**Response:** The given molecule is a dipeptide composed of L-glutamic acid and L-phenylalanine. This dipeptide structure is formed by the condensation of the carboxy group of L-glutamic acid with the amino group of L-phenylalanine. 

**Chemical Properties:**

1. **Peptide Bond Formation:** The peptide bond is a covalent bond formed between the carboxyl group of one amino acid (L-glutamic acid) and the amino group of another amino acid (L-phenylalanine). This bond is an amide linkage, which is relatively stable and resistant to hydrolysis under physiological conditions.

2. **Chirality:** The given molecule contains chiral centers, specifically at the alpha carbon of both L-glutamic acid and L-phenylalanine. The stereochemistry is specified as (S), indicating the spatial arrangement of the substituents around these chiral centers. This stereochemistry is crucial for the molecule's biological activity and interaction with other biomolecules.

3. **Acid-Base Properties:** The molecule contains two carboxylic acid groups and one amino group. The carboxylic acid groups can donate protons, making the molecule acidic. The amino group can accept protons, contributing to the molecule's basic properties. This amphoteric nature allows the molecule to act as a buffer in biological systems.

4. **Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Interactions:** The phenyl group in L-phenylalanine contributes to hydrophobic interactions, which can influence the molecule's solubility and interaction with other hydrophobic molecules or regions within proteins. In contrast, the carboxylic acid and amino groups can engage in hydrogen bonding and ionic interactions, contributing to hydrophilic properties.

5. **Solubility:** The presence of both hydrophilic (carboxylic acid and amino groups) and hydrophobic (phenyl group) components suggests that the molecule may have moderate solubility in water, depending on the pH and the surrounding environment.

6. **Biological Activity:** As a metabolite, the given molecule may play a role in metabolic pathways, potentially acting as a substrate or product in enzymatic reactions. Its structure allows it to participate in various biochemical processes, possibly influencing protein synthesis or degradation.

Overall, the structural features of the given molecule, such as its peptide bond, stereochemistry, and functional groups, define its chemical properties and potential biological roles.

---

## Molecule 5

**SMILES:** CC1=CN(C(=O)NC1=O)[C@H]2C[C@@H]([C@H](O2)COP(=O)(O)O[C@H]3C[C@@H](O[C@@H]3COP(=O)(O)O[C@H]4C[C@@H](O[C@@H]4COP(=O)(O)O[C@H]5C[C@@H](O[C@@H]5COP(=O)(O)O[C@H]6C[C@@H](O[C@@H]6COP(=O)(O)O)N7C=C(C(=O)NC7=O)C)N8C=C(C(=O)NC8=O)C)N9C=C(C(=O)NC9=O)C)N1C=C(C(=O)NC1=O)C)O

**IUPAC Name:** [(2R,3S,5R)-3-[hydroxy-[[(2R,3S,5R)-3-[hydroxy-[[(2R,3S,5R)-3-[hydroxy-[[(2R,3S,5R)-3-hydroxy-5-(5-methyl-2,4-dioxopyrimidin-1-yl)oxolan-2-yl]methoxy]phosphoryl]oxy-5-(5-methyl-2,4-dioxopyrimidin-1-yl)oxolan-2-yl]methoxy]phosphoryl]oxy-5-(5-methyl-2,4-dioxopyrimidin-1-yl)oxolan-2-yl]methoxy]phosphoryl]oxy-5-(5-methyl-2,4-dioxopyrimidin-1-yl)oxolan-2-yl]methyl [(2R,3S,5R)-5-(5-methyl-2,4-dioxopyrimidin-1-yl)-2-(phosphonooxymethyl)oxolan-3-yl] hydrogen phosphate

**Description:** (dT)5 is an oligonucleotide comprising five deoxythymidylic acid residues linked 5'->3'. It contains a thymidine 5'-monophosphate residue, a dTMP 5'-end residue and a dTMP 3'-end residue.


**Response:** The given molecule is a complex oligonucleotide composed of three thymidine units linked by phosphodiester bonds, with an additional phosphonooxymethyl group attached to the 5' end. This structure is significant for several reasons related to its chemical properties:

1. **Nucleotide Composition**: The presence of thymidine units indicates that the molecule is composed of deoxyribose sugars linked to thymine bases. Thymidine is a pyrimidine nucleoside, and its base-pairing properties are crucial for the stability and function of nucleic acids.

2. **Phosphodiester Linkages**: The molecule features phosphodiester bonds connecting the thymidine units. These bonds are crucial for the structural integrity of nucleic acids, providing a backbone that links the nucleotides together. The phosphodiester linkage is also essential for the molecule's ability to participate in biochemical processes such as DNA replication and transcription.

3. **Phosphonooxymethyl Group**: The presence of a phosphonooxymethyl group at the 5' end of the oligonucleotide introduces a unique chemical feature. This group can influence the molecule's solubility, charge, and interaction with other molecules. The phosphonooxymethyl group is negatively charged, which can affect the molecule's overall charge and its interaction with positively charged species, such as proteins or metal ions.

4. **Stereochemistry**: The stereochemistry of the molecule, indicated by the R and S configurations, is critical for its biological function. The specific 3D arrangement of atoms in the sugar-phosphate backbone and the orientation of the thymidine bases are essential for the molecule's recognition and interaction with enzymes and other biomolecules.

5. **Hydroxyl and Methyl Groups**: The hydroxyl groups present in the sugar moieties contribute to the molecule's hydrophilicity and ability to form hydrogen bonds. The methyl groups on the thymine bases can influence the molecule's overall shape and its interaction with other nucleic acids or proteins.

Overall, the given molecule's structure, with its specific sequence of thymidine units, phosphodiester linkages, and phosphonooxymethyl group, defines its chemical properties and potential biological roles, such as serving as a substrate or inhibitor in enzymatic reactions involving nucleic acids.

---

## Molecule 6

**SMILES:** CCCCCCCC/C=C\CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)SCCNC(=O)CCNC(=O)[C@@H](C(C)(C)COP(=O)([O-])OP(=O)([O-])OC[C@@H]1[C@H]([C@H]([C@@H](O1)N2C=NC3=C(N=CN=C32)N)O)OP(=O)([O-])[O-])O

**IUPAC Name:** [(2R,3S,4R,5R)-5-(6-aminopurin-9-yl)-2-[[[[(3R)-4-[[3-[2-[(Z)-hexacos-17-enoyl]sulfanylethylamino]-3-oxopropyl]amino]-3-hydroxy-2,2-dimethyl-4-oxobutoxy]-oxidophosphoryl]oxy-oxidophosphoryl]oxymethyl]-4-hydroxyoxolan-3-yl] phosphate

**Description:** (17Z)-hexacosenoyl-CoA(4-) is an acyl-CoA(4-) arising from deprotonation of the phosphate and diphosphate functions of (17Z)-hexacosenoyl-CoA It is a C26:1-CoA(4-) and a very long-chain fatty acyl-CoA(4-). It is a conjugate base of a (17Z)-hexacosenoyl-CoA.


**Response:** The given molecule is a complex biochemical compound that features several distinct structural components contributing to its chemical properties. 

1. **Nucleoside Component**: The molecule contains a nucleoside structure, specifically a purine base (6-aminopurinyl) attached to a sugar moiety. This part of the molecule is crucial for its role in biological systems, as nucleosides are fundamental components of nucleic acids like DNA and RNA. The presence of the purine base suggests that the molecule may participate in processes involving genetic information or energy transfer.

2. **Phosphate Groups**: The molecule includes multiple phosphate groups, which are key to its function. Phosphate groups are highly polar and negatively charged, which makes the molecule hydrophilic and capable of forming ionic bonds and hydrogen bonds. This property is essential for its solubility in aqueous environments and its interaction with other biomolecules, such as proteins and enzymes.

3. **Long-Chain Fatty Acyl Component**: The molecule also features a long-chain fatty acyl group, specifically a 3-hydroxydocosenoyl moiety. This hydrophobic tail suggests that the molecule may be involved in lipid metabolism or membrane-related processes. The unsaturation (presence of a double bond) in the long-chain fatty acyl group can influence the fluidity and flexibility of biological membranes.

4. **Thioester Linkage**: The presence of a thioester linkage (sulfanyl group) indicates that the molecule may be involved in acyl transfer reactions, similar to coenzyme A derivatives. Thioesters are reactive intermediates in metabolic pathways, particularly in the synthesis and breakdown of fatty acids.

5. **Stereochemistry**: The molecule has several chiral centers, as indicated by the stereochemical descriptors (R and S). This stereochemistry is crucial for its biological activity, as the spatial arrangement of atoms can significantly affect how the molecule interacts with enzymes and receptors.

Overall, the given molecule's chemical properties are defined by its ability to participate in biochemical reactions involving nucleotides, phosphates, and fatty acids, making it a versatile participant in cellular metabolism and signaling pathways.

---

## Molecule 7

**SMILES:** C1=NC2=C(N1[C@H]3[C@@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O3)COP(=O)([O-])OP(=O)([O-])[O-])OP(=O)([O-])OP(=O)([O-])[O-])O)N=C(NC2=O)N

**IUPAC Name:** [[(2R,3S,4R,5R)-5-(2-amino-6-oxo-1H-purin-9-yl)-4-hydroxy-2-[[oxido(phosphonatooxy)phosphoryl]oxymethyl]oxolan-3-yl]oxy-oxidophosphoryl] phosphate

**Description:** Guanosine 3',5'-bis(diphosphate)(6-) is an organophosphate oxoanion arising from deprotonation of the six diphosphate OH groups of guanosine 3',5'-bis(diphosphate); major species at pH 7. 3. It is a conjugate base of a guanosine 3',5'-bis(diphosphate) and a guanosine 3',5'-bis(diphosphate)(5-).


**Response:** The given molecule is a complex organophosphate oxoanion that plays a significant role as a nucleotide triphosphate. Its structure is based on a ribose sugar, which is a five-membered ring with hydroxyl groups, attached to a purine base, specifically adenine, which is modified with an amino group and an oxo group. This purine base is linked to the ribose sugar through a glycosidic bond.

The ribose sugar in the given molecule is further modified with a phosphoric acid group at the 5' position, forming a phosphomonoester linkage. This is a common feature in nucleotides, contributing to the molecule's ability to participate in biochemical processes such as phosphorylation and energy transfer.

The molecule also contains a diphosphate group linked to the ribose sugar, which is further connected to a third phosphate group. These phosphate groups are connected through phosphoanhydride bonds, which are high-energy bonds. This triphosphate structure is crucial for the molecule's role in energy metabolism and signaling pathways, as it can donate high-energy phosphate groups.

The given molecule is deprotonated at multiple sites, resulting in a negative charge distributed across the phosphate groups. This anionic nature enhances its solubility in aqueous environments and allows it to interact with positively charged molecules, such as proteins and metal ions, facilitating its role in cellular processes.

Overall, the structural features of the given molecule, including the ribose sugar, purine base, and triphosphate chain, contribute to its function as a key player in nucleotide metabolism and energy transfer within cells.

---

## Molecule 8

**SMILES:** CC(CC1=CC=C(C=C1)OC)NCC(C2=CC(=C(C=C2)O)NC=O)O

**IUPAC Name:** N-[2-hydroxy-5-[1-hydroxy-2-[1-(4-methoxyphenyl)propan-2-ylamino]ethyl]phenyl]formamide

**Description:** Formoterol is an inhaled beta2-agonist used in the management of COPD and asthma that was first approved for use in the United States in 2001. It acts on bronchial smooth muscle to dilate and relax airways, and is administered as a racemic mixture of its active (R;R)- and inactive (S;S)-enantiomers. A major clinical advantage of formoterol over other inhaled beta-agonists is its rapid onset of action (2-3 minutes), which is at least as fast as [salbutamol], combined with a long duration of action (12 hours) - for this reason, treatment guidelines for asthma recommend its use as both a reliever and maintenance medication. It is available as a single-entity product and in several formulations in combination with both inhaled corticosteroids and long-acting muscarinic antagonists. Formoterol is a long-acting beta-adrenergic receptor agonist with bronchodilator activity. Formoterol selectively binds to beta-2 adrenergic receptors in bronchial smooth muscle, thereby activating intracellular adenyl cyclase, an enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) to cyclic-3',5'-adenosine monophosphate (cAMP). Increased cAMP levels cause relaxation of bronchial smooth muscle, relieve bronchospasms, improve mucociliary clearance and reduce mediator substance release from inflammatory cells, especially from mast cells. An ADRENERGIC BETA-2 RECEPTOR AGONIST with a prolonged duration of action. It is used to manage ASTHMA and in the treatment of CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY DISEASE.


**Response:** The given molecule is a complex organic compound with several functional groups that contribute to its chemical properties. Let's break down the structural features and relate them to its chemical properties:

1. **Aromatic Rings**: The molecule contains two aromatic rings, one of which is a methoxyphenyl group and the other is a hydroxyphenyl group. Aromatic rings are known for their stability due to resonance, and they can participate in π-π interactions. The presence of these rings can also influence the molecule's solubility and its ability to interact with biological targets through stacking interactions.

2. **Hydroxyl Groups**: There are two hydroxyl groups present in the molecule. Hydroxyl groups are polar and can form hydrogen bonds, which significantly affect the molecule's solubility in water and its ability to interact with other polar molecules. These groups can also be sites for further chemical reactions, such as esterification or etherification.

3. **Methoxy Group**: The methoxy group attached to one of the aromatic rings is an electron-donating group. This can increase the electron density of the aromatic ring, making it more reactive towards electrophilic aromatic substitution reactions. The methoxy group also contributes to the molecule's overall polarity.

4. **Amide Group**: The formamide group in the molecule is a polar functional group that can participate in hydrogen bonding. Amides are generally stable and less reactive than esters or anhydrides, but they can still engage in interactions with biological molecules, such as proteins and enzymes, through hydrogen bonding.

5. **Amino Group**: The molecule contains an amino group linked to a hydroxyethyl chain. Amino groups are basic and can accept protons, which can affect the molecule's charge state depending on the pH of the environment. This group can also form hydrogen bonds and participate in ionic interactions.

6. **Alkyl Chain**: The presence of a hydroxyethyl chain provides flexibility and can influence the molecule's overall shape and conformation. This chain can also affect the molecule's hydrophobicity and its ability to penetrate lipid membranes.

Overall, the given molecule's chemical properties are largely influenced by its ability to form hydrogen bonds, its aromatic character, and its polar functional groups. These properties make it suitable for interaction with biological systems, which is consistent with its use as a pharmaceutical agent.

---

## Molecule 9

**SMILES:** C([C@@H]1[C@H]([C@@H]([C@H]([C@H](O1)O)NS(=O)(=O)O)O)O[C@H]2[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@@H](O2)C(=O)O)O)O)O)OS(=O)(=O)O

**IUPAC Name:** (2R,3S,4S,5R,6R)-6-[(2R,3S,4R,5R,6S)-4,6-dihydroxy-5-(sulfoamino)-2-(sulfooxymethyl)oxan-3-yl]oxy-3,4,5-trihydroxyoxane-2-carboxylic acid

**Description:** HP_dp02_0002 is a heparin disaccharide that is 2N,6-O-disulfo-alpha-D-glucosamine in which the hydroxy group at position 4 has been glycosylated by alpha-L-idopyranuronic acid. Sequence: IdoA-GlcNSO3(6-OSO3). It is a heparin disaccharide, an amino disaccharide and an oligosaccharide sulfate. It is functionally related to a HP_dp02_0003.


**Response:** The given molecule is a complex carbohydrate derivative, specifically a disaccharide composed of two sugar units linked together. The structure is characterized by several key functional groups and stereochemistry that define its chemical properties.

1. **Carbohydrate Backbone**: The molecule consists of two sugar rings, which are hexoses, as indicated by the oxane (six-membered ring) structure. These rings are connected via a glycosidic bond, which is a type of covalent bond that joins a carbohydrate molecule to another group.

2. **Hydroxyl Groups**: Both sugar units contain multiple hydroxyl (-OH) groups. These hydroxyl groups are responsible for the molecule's high solubility in water due to their ability to form hydrogen bonds with water molecules. They also contribute to the molecule's reactivity, particularly in forming glycosidic bonds and participating in various biochemical reactions.

3. **Sulfate Groups**: The presence of sulfoamino and sulfooxy groups indicates that the molecule is sulfated. Sulfation increases the molecule's polarity and water solubility, and it can also affect the molecule's biological activity. Sulfate groups are known to play a role in the molecule's interaction with proteins and other biological molecules, often enhancing binding affinity and specificity.

4. **Carboxylic Acid Group**: The carboxylic acid group at the end of the molecule contributes to its acidic properties. This group can donate a proton (H+) in solution, making the molecule an acid. The presence of this group can also influence the molecule's solubility and reactivity, particularly in forming esters and amides.

5. **Stereochemistry**: The specific stereochemistry, indicated by the R and S configurations, is crucial for the molecule's biological function. The spatial arrangement of atoms affects how the molecule interacts with enzymes and receptors, determining its role in biological systems.

Overall, the given molecule's chemical properties are largely influenced by its carbohydrate nature, the presence of sulfate and carboxylic acid groups, and its specific stereochemistry. These features make it an important molecule in biological systems, potentially involved in cellular communication, structural roles, or as a precursor in metabolic pathways.

---

## Molecule 10

**SMILES:** C[C@H]1[C@@H]([C@H]([C@H]([C@@H](O1)O[C@@H]2[C@H]([C@H](CO[C@H]2OC(=O)[C@]34CCC(C[C@H]3C5=CC[C@H]6[C@]([C@@]5(C[C@H]4O)C)(CC[C@@H]7[C@@]6(C[C@@H]([C@@H](C7(CO)CO)O[C@H]8[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O8)CO)O)O)O)O)C)C)(C)C)O)O)O)O)O[C@H]9[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H](CO9)O)O)O

**IUPAC Name:** [(2S,3R,4S,5S)-3-[(2S,3R,4S,5R,6S)-3,4-dihydroxy-6-methyl-5-[(2S,3R,4S,5R)-3,4,5-trihydroxyoxan-2-yl]oxyoxan-2-yl]oxy-4,5-dihydroxyoxan-2-yl] (4aR,5R,6aR,6aS,6bR,8aR,10R,11S,12aR,14bS)-5,11-dihydroxy-9,9-bis(hydroxymethyl)-2,2,6a,6b,12a-pentamethyl-10-[(2R,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy-1,3,4,5,6,6a,7,8,8a,10,11,12,13,14b-tetradecahydropicene-4a-carboxylate

**Description:** Deapio-platycodin D is a triterpenoid saponin. It has a role as a metabolite. Deapioplatycodin D is a natural product found in Platycodon grandiflorus with data available.


**Response:** The given molecule is a complex natural product with a highly intricate structure, characterized by multiple hydroxyl groups, methyl groups, and a carboxylate ester linkage. This molecule is a glycoside, as indicated by the presence of sugar moieties attached to a non-sugar aglycone part.

### Chemical Properties:

1. **Hydrophilicity and Solubility:**
   - The presence of numerous hydroxyl groups contributes to the hydrophilic nature of the molecule, enhancing its solubility in water. These hydroxyl groups can form hydrogen bonds with water molecules, increasing the molecule's interaction with aqueous environments.

2. **Stereochemistry:**
   - The molecule has multiple chiral centers, as indicated by the stereochemical descriptors (S and R) in its IUPAC name. This stereochemistry is crucial for its biological activity, as the spatial arrangement of atoms can significantly influence how the molecule interacts with biological targets.

3. **Glycosidic Linkages:**
   - The molecule contains glycosidic linkages, which are ether bonds connecting sugar units to the aglycone. These linkages are susceptible to hydrolysis, which can be enzymatically catalyzed in biological systems, releasing the sugar moieties.

4. **Carboxylate Ester Group:**
   - The presence of a carboxylate ester group suggests that the molecule can participate in esterification and hydrolysis reactions. This functional group can also influence the molecule's acidity and reactivity.

5. **Methyl Groups:**
   - The hexamethyl substitution on the aglycone part of the molecule increases its hydrophobic character in certain regions, which can affect its interaction with lipid membranes or hydrophobic pockets in proteins.

6. **Biological Activity:**
   - As a natural product found in Platycodon grandiflorus, the molecule likely exhibits biological activities such as anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, or other pharmacological effects. The specific arrangement of functional groups and stereochemistry is often key to its interaction with biological targets.

Overall, the given molecule's chemical properties are largely dictated by its functional groups and stereochemistry, which influence its solubility, reactivity, and biological interactions.

---

## Molecule 11

**SMILES:** CC1=C(N2C(C(C2=O)NC(=O)C(=NOC)C3=CSC(=N3)N)SC1)C(=O)O

**IUPAC Name:** 7-[[2-(2-amino-1,3-thiazol-4-yl)-2-methoxyiminoacetyl]amino]-3-methyl-8-oxo-5-thia-1-azabicyclo[4.2.0]oct-2-ene-2-carboxylic acid

**Description:** Cefetamet is a semisynthetic, beta-lactamase-stable, third-generation cephalosporin with antibacterial activity. Cefetamet binds to and inactivates penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs) located on the inner membrane of the bacterial cell wall. PBPs are enzymes involved in the terminal stages of assembling the bacterial cell wall and in reshaping the cell wall during growth and division. Inactivation of PBPs interferes with the cross-linkage of peptidoglycan chains necessary for bacterial cell wall strength and rigidity. This results in the weakening of the bacterial cell wall and causes cell lysis.


**Response:** The given molecule is a cephalosporin antibiotic, which is part of the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. Its structure is characterized by a beta-lactam ring fused to a dihydrothiazine ring, forming a bicyclic system. This bicyclic structure is crucial for its antibacterial activity, as it mimics the D-Ala-D-Ala terminus of peptidoglycan, allowing it to bind to penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs) on bacterial cell walls.

The presence of the beta-lactam ring is essential for its mechanism of action. This ring is highly reactive due to the strain in the four-membered ring, making it susceptible to nucleophilic attack. When the given molecule binds to PBPs, it inhibits their enzymatic activity, which is necessary for the cross-linking of peptidoglycan layers. This inhibition prevents the formation of a stable cell wall, leading to cell lysis and death of the bacteria.

Additionally, the molecule contains a thiazole ring, which is a sulfur and nitrogen-containing heterocycle. This ring contributes to the molecule's stability and its ability to resist degradation by beta-lactamases, enzymes produced by some bacteria to inactivate beta-lactam antibiotics. The presence of the methoxyimino group in the side chain further enhances its resistance to beta-lactamase enzymes, making it effective against beta-lactamase-producing strains.

The carboxylic acid group in the structure is important for the molecule's solubility and its ability to form salts, which can be useful for formulation purposes. The amino group on the thiazole ring can also participate in hydrogen bonding, which may influence the molecule's interaction with bacterial enzymes and its overall pharmacokinetic properties.

Overall, the structural features of the given molecule, including the beta-lactam ring, thiazole ring, and methoxyimino group, are integral to its function as a broad-spectrum antibiotic with activity against a wide range of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria.

---

## Molecule 12

**SMILES:** CCCCC/C=C\C/C=C\C/C=C\C/C=C\CCCCCC(=O)OC[C@H](CO)OC(=O)CCCCC/C=C\C/C=C\C/C=C\C/C=C\CCCCC

**IUPAC Name:** [(2S)-2-[(7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z)-docosa-7,10,13,16-tetraenoyl]oxy-3-hydroxypropyl] (7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z)-docosa-7,10,13,16-tetraenoate

**Description:** 1,2-di-(7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z-docosatetraenoyl)-sn-glycerol is a 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycerol in which the acyl groups at positions 1 and 2 are specified as 7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z-docosatetraenoyl. It has a role as a mouse metabolite. It is functionally related to an all-cis-docosa-7,10,13,16-tetraenoic acid.


**Response:** The given molecule is a diglyceride, which is a type of glyceride consisting of two fatty acid chains covalently bonded to a glycerol backbone. In this case, the glycerol backbone is esterified with two polyunsaturated fatty acid chains.

The first fatty acid chain is a 20-carbon chain with four cis double bonds located at the 8th, 11th, 14th, and 17th positions. This configuration is known as tetraene, and the presence of multiple double bonds indicates that this chain is highly unsaturated. The cis configuration of the double bonds introduces kinks in the chain, which affects the fluidity and melting point of the molecule, typically lowering the melting point compared to saturated fatty acids.

The second fatty acid chain is a 22-carbon chain with five cis double bonds at the 4th, 7th, 10th, 13th, and 16th positions. This is characteristic of a pentaene, further enhancing the unsaturation of the molecule. The presence of multiple double bonds in this chain also contributes to the molecule's low melting point and high fluidity.

The glycerol backbone in the given molecule is a three-carbon alcohol, where two of the hydroxyl groups are esterified with the fatty acid chains. The remaining hydroxyl group is free, which can participate in hydrogen bonding, affecting the solubility and interaction of the molecule with other substances.

Overall, the chemical properties of the given molecule are influenced by its high degree of unsaturation, which affects its physical state, reactivity, and interaction with other molecules. The unsaturated fatty acid chains make the molecule more prone to oxidation, which is a common reaction for polyunsaturated fats. This property is significant in biological systems, where such molecules play roles in energy storage, cell membrane structure, and signaling.

---

## Molecule 13

**SMILES:** C1CCN[C@@H](C1)C(=O)O

**IUPAC Name:** (2S)-piperidine-2-carboxylic acid

**Description:** L-pipecolic acid is the L-enantiomer of pipecolic acid. It is a metabolite of lysine. It has a role as a human metabolite and a plant metabolite. It is a conjugate base of a L-pipecolate. It is an enantiomer of a D-pipecolic acid. It is a tautomer of a L-pipecolic acid zwitterion.


**Response:** The given molecule is a derivative of piperidine, which is a six-membered ring containing five carbon atoms and one nitrogen atom. The presence of the nitrogen atom in the ring classifies it as a secondary amine, which can participate in hydrogen bonding and can act as a base due to the lone pair of electrons on the nitrogen.

The molecule also contains a carboxylic acid functional group attached to the piperidine ring. This carboxylic acid group is responsible for the acidic properties of the molecule, as it can donate a proton (H⁺) in aqueous solutions, making the molecule amphoteric. The carboxylic acid group can also engage in hydrogen bonding, which affects the solubility and melting point of the compound.

The stereochemistry of the molecule is specified as (2S), indicating that the carboxylic acid group is oriented in a specific spatial configuration. This stereochemistry can influence the molecule's interaction with biological systems, as the spatial arrangement can affect binding to enzymes or receptors.

Overall, the given molecule's chemical properties are influenced by the presence of the piperidine ring, the carboxylic acid group, and its stereochemistry, which together determine its reactivity, solubility, and biological activity.

---

## Molecule 14

**SMILES:** CC1C(C(C(C(O1)OC2C(C(C(OC2OC3=C(OC4=CC(=CC(=C4C3=O)O)OC5C(C(C(C(O5)C)O)O)O)C6=CC(=C(C=C6)O)O)CO)O)O)O)O)O

**IUPAC Name:** 3-[4,5-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-3-(3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl)oxyoxan-2-yl]oxy-2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-5-hydroxy-7-(3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl)oxychromen-4-one

**Description:** Flavonol base + 4O, O-dHex, O-Hex-dHex is a natural product found in Lotus edulis and Vicia faba with data available.


**Response:** The given molecule is a complex flavonoid glycoside, which is a type of polyphenolic compound. Its structure consists of a flavonoid backbone, specifically a chromen-4-one moiety, which is a common feature in many plant-derived compounds. This backbone is known for its antioxidant properties due to the presence of multiple hydroxyl groups.

The flavonoid core is substituted with a 3,4-dihydroxyphenyl group, which contributes to its ability to scavenge free radicals. The presence of hydroxyl groups on the phenyl ring enhances the molecule's solubility in water and its potential to form hydrogen bonds, which is crucial for its biological activity.

Additionally, the molecule is glycosylated, meaning it has sugar moieties attached. The glycosidic linkages involve oxan-2-yl groups, which are cyclic ethers derived from sugars. These sugar units, including a trihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl group and a trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl group, increase the molecule's solubility in water and can influence its bioavailability and metabolism in biological systems.

The presence of multiple hydroxyl groups throughout the structure also suggests potential for forming strong intermolecular interactions, such as hydrogen bonds, which can affect the molecule's stability and reactivity. These interactions are important for the molecule's role in biological systems, potentially contributing to its activity as an antioxidant or anti-inflammatory agent.

Overall, the given molecule's chemical properties, such as solubility, reactivity, and biological activity, are significantly influenced by its flavonoid structure, hydroxyl groups, and glycosidic linkages.

---

## Molecule 15

**SMILES:** C1[C@@H]2[C@H]([C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H](O2)O)OC(=O)C3=CC(=C(C(=C3OC4=C(C(=C5C(=C4)C(=O)OC[C@@H]6[C@H]([C@@H]([C@H]([C@H](O6)OC(=O)C7=CC(=C(C(=C7)O)O)O)OC(=O)C8=CC(=C(C(=C8)O)O)O)OC(=O)C9=CC(=C(C(=C9)O)O)O)OC(=O)C2=CC(=C(C(=C25)O)O)O)O)O)O)O)O)OC(=O)C2=CC(=C(C(=C2)O)O)O)OC(=O)C2=CC(=C(C(=C2C2=C(C(=C(C=C2C(=O)O1)O)O)O)O)O)O

**IUPAC Name:** [(10R,11S,12R,13R,15R)-3,4,5,13,21,22,23-heptahydroxy-8,18-dioxo-11-(3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoyl)oxy-9,14,17-trioxatetracyclo[17.4.0.02,7.010,15]tricosa-1(23),2,4,6,19,21-hexaen-12-yl] 3,4,5-trihydroxy-2-[[(10R,11S,12R,13R,15R)-3,4,5,22,23-pentahydroxy-8,18-dioxo-11,12,13-tris[(3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoyl)oxy]-9,14,17-trioxatetracyclo[17.4.0.02,7.010,15]tricosa-1(23),2,4,6,19,21-hexaen-21-yl]oxy]benzoate

**Description:** [(10R,11S,12R,13R,15R)-3,4,5,13,21,22,23-heptahydroxy-8,18-dioxo-11-(3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoyl)oxy-9,14,17-trioxatetracyclo[17. 4. 0. 02,7. 010,15]tricosa-1(23),2,4,6,19,21-hexaen-12-yl] 3,4,5-trihydroxy-2-[[(10R,11S,12R,13R,15R)-3,4,5,22,23-pentahydroxy-8,18-dioxo-11,12,13-tris[(3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoyl)oxy]-9,14,17-trioxatetracyclo[17. 4. 0. 02,7. 010,15]tricosa-1(23),2,4,6,19,21-hexaen-21-yl]oxy]benzoate is a natural product found in Woodfordia fruticosa with data available.


**Response:** The given molecule is a complex natural product with a highly intricate structure, characterized by multiple hydroxyl groups, ketone functionalities, and ester linkages. It is found in the plant Cornus officinalis and exhibits several notable chemical properties due to its structural features.

1. **Hydroxyl Groups**: The molecule contains numerous hydroxyl groups, which contribute to its high polarity and potential for hydrogen bonding. This can enhance its solubility in polar solvents like water and can also influence its interaction with biological molecules, potentially affecting its bioavailability and activity.

2. **Ketone Groups**: The presence of ketone groups introduces sites for potential nucleophilic attack, making the molecule reactive under certain conditions. These groups can also participate in keto-enol tautomerism, which might influence the molecule's stability and reactivity.

3. **Ester Linkages**: The molecule features ester linkages, which are typically susceptible to hydrolysis. This property is significant in biological systems where esterases can cleave these bonds, potentially leading to the breakdown of the molecule into smaller components.

4. **Aromatic Rings**: The structure includes multiple aromatic rings, which can engage in π-π interactions and contribute to the molecule's overall stability. These rings also provide sites for electrophilic aromatic substitution reactions, which can be relevant in synthetic modifications or metabolic transformations.

5. **Chirality**: The molecule is chiral, with several stereocenters. This chirality is crucial for its biological activity, as the spatial arrangement of atoms can significantly affect how the molecule interacts with enzymes, receptors, and other biological targets.

6. **Complex Polycyclic Structure**: The molecule's polycyclic framework, including multiple fused rings, contributes to its rigidity and three-dimensional shape. This structural complexity can influence how the molecule fits into biological binding sites, affecting its specificity and potency.

Overall, the given molecule's chemical properties are largely dictated by its functional groups and complex polycyclic structure, which together define its reactivity, solubility, and biological interactions.

---

## Molecule 16

**SMILES:** CC(C)C(=O)SCCNC(=O)CCNC(=O)[C@@H](C(C)(C)COP(=O)(O)OP(=O)(O)OC[C@@H]1[C@H]([C@H]([C@@H](O1)N2C=NC3=C(N=CN=C32)N)O)OP(=O)(O)O)O

**IUPAC Name:** S-[2-[3-[[(2R)-4-[[[(2R,3S,4R,5R)-5-(6-aminopurin-9-yl)-4-hydroxy-3-phosphonooxyoxolan-2-yl]methoxy-hydroxyphosphoryl]oxy-hydroxyphosphoryl]oxy-2-hydroxy-3,3-dimethylbutanoyl]amino]propanoylamino]ethyl] 2-methylpropanethioate

**Description:** Isobutyryl-CoA is a short-chain, methyl-branched fatty acyl-CoA that is the S-isobutyryl derivative of coenzyme A. It has a role as a human metabolite and a mouse metabolite. It is a short-chain fatty acyl-CoA and a methyl-branched fatty acyl-CoA. It is functionally related to a coenzyme A and an isobutyric acid. It is a conjugate acid of an isobutyryl-CoA(4-).


**Response:** The given molecule is a complex acyl-CoA derivative, which is a key intermediate in metabolic pathways. Its structure is characterized by several distinct functional groups and structural features that contribute to its chemical properties.

1. **Thioester Bond**: The presence of a thioester bond, formed between the sulfur atom of coenzyme A and the acyl group derived from 3-methyl-2-succinoyl-CoA, is a critical feature. This bond is relatively reactive, making the molecule an important participant in biochemical reactions such as fatty acid metabolism. The thioester linkage is more stable than an ester bond but can still be hydrolyzed under certain conditions, releasing the corresponding 3-methyl-2-succinoyl moiety.

2. **Phosphoryl Groups**: The molecule contains multiple phosphoryl groups, which are highly polar and contribute to the molecule's solubility in aqueous environments. These groups also play a crucial role in the molecule's interaction with enzymes and other biomolecules, facilitating its role as a substrate in metabolic pathways.

3. **Amino Group**: The presence of an amino group, particularly within the purine ring system, suggests that the molecule can participate in hydrogen bonding and ionic interactions. This feature is important for its recognition and binding to specific enzymes and transport proteins.

4. **Hydroxyl Groups**: The hydroxyl groups present in the molecule increase its hydrophilicity and enable further hydrogen bonding. These groups can also be involved in enzymatic transformations, such as phosphorylation or dephosphorylation, which are common in metabolic pathways.

5. **Stereochemistry**: The molecule has several chiral centers, which are crucial for its biological activity. The specific stereochemistry ensures that the molecule fits correctly into enzyme active sites, influencing its role as a metabolite in Homo sapiens.

Overall, the given molecule's chemical properties are defined by its ability to participate in metabolic reactions, particularly those involving acyl group transfer, due to its thioester linkage, and its interactions with enzymes and other biomolecules facilitated by its polar and hydrogen-bonding groups.

---

## Molecule 17

**SMILES:** CC(C)[C@]\1(CCC2=C[C@@H](CC(=C)[C@H](CC[C@](/C=C1)(C)O)O)OC2=O)O

**IUPAC Name:** (4S,5E,7S,10S,13R)-4,7,10-trihydroxy-7-methyl-11-methylidene-4-propan-2-yl-14-oxabicyclo[11.2.1]hexadeca-1(16),5-dien-15-one

**Description:** Rel-(-)-(1S,4S,7S,10R)-1,4,7-trihydroxycembra-2E,8-(19),11Z-trien-20,10-olide is a cembrane diterpenoid that is cembra-2E,8-(19),11Z-trien-20,10-olide substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 1, 4 and 7. It has been isolated from the leaves of Croton gratissimus. It has a role as a metabolite. It is a cembrane diterpenoid, a diterpene lactone, a macrocycle and a triol.


**Response:** The given molecule is a complex organic compound with several interesting chemical properties due to its structural features. It is a natural product, which suggests it may have biological activity or ecological significance.

1. **Hydroxyl Groups**: The presence of three hydroxyl groups (trihydroxy) indicates that the molecule is capable of forming hydrogen bonds. This can significantly influence its solubility in water and its interaction with biological molecules, potentially affecting its bioavailability and reactivity.

2. **Methyl and Methylidene Groups**: The methyl and methylidene groups contribute to the hydrophobic character of the molecule. The methylidene group, being a terminal alkene, can participate in reactions typical of alkenes, such as addition reactions. This unsaturation can also influence the molecule's stability and reactivity.

3. **Bicyclic Structure**: The presence of a bicyclic system, specifically a 14-oxabicyclo[11.2.1]hexadecene, suggests rigidity in the molecular structure. This rigidity can affect the molecule's conformational flexibility and its ability to interact with other molecules, such as enzymes or receptors.

4. **Ketone Group**: The ketone group (indicated by the -one suffix) is a polar functional group that can participate in various chemical reactions, such as nucleophilic addition. It also contributes to the molecule's overall polarity and can influence its reactivity and interaction with other polar substances.

5. **Stereochemistry**: The specific stereochemistry, indicated by the R and S configurations, suggests that the molecule has chiral centers. This stereochemistry is crucial for the molecule's biological activity, as it can determine how the molecule interacts with chiral environments, such as those found in biological systems.

6. **Conjugated Diene System**: The presence of a conjugated diene system (indicated by the E configuration) can affect the molecule's electronic properties, such as UV absorption. This can be relevant for its detection and analysis using spectroscopic methods.

Overall, the given molecule's chemical properties are largely influenced by its functional groups, stereochemistry, and bicyclic structure, which together contribute to its potential biological activity and chemical reactivity.

---

## Molecule 18

**SMILES:** CCCCCCCCCCNCCN[C@]1(C[C@@H](O[C@H]([C@H]1O)C)O[C@@H]2[C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O[C@H]2OC3=C4C=C5C=C3OC6=C(C=C(C=C6)[C@H]([C@H](C(=O)N[C@H](C(=O)N[C@H]5C(=O)N[C@@H]7C8=CC(=C(C=C8)O)C9=C(C(=C(C=C9[C@H](NC(=O)[C@H]([C@@H](C1=CC(=C(O4)C=C1)Cl)O)NC7=O)C(=O)O)O)CNCP(=O)(O)O)O)CC(=O)N)NC(=O)[C@@H](CC(C)C)NC)O)Cl)CO)O)O)C

**IUPAC Name:** (1S,2R,18R,19R,22S,25R,28R,40S)-22-(2-amino-2-oxoethyl)-5,15-dichloro-48-[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3-[(2S,4S,5S,6S)-4-[2-(decylamino)ethylamino]-5-hydroxy-4,6-dimethyloxan-2-yl]oxy-4,5-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy-2,18,32,35,37-pentahydroxy-19-[[(2R)-4-methyl-2-(methylamino)pentanoyl]amino]-20,23,26,42,44-pentaoxo-36-[(phosphonomethylamino)methyl]-7,13-dioxa-21,24,27,41,43-pentazaoctacyclo[26.14.2.23,6.214,17.18,12.129,33.010,25.034,39]pentaconta-3,5,8(48),9,11,14,16,29(45),30,32,34,36,38,46,49-pentadecaene-40-carboxylic acid

**Description:** Telavancin is a glycopeptide that is vancomycin substituted at position N-3'' by a 2-(decylamino)ethyl group and at position C-29 by a (phosphonomethyl)aminomethyl group. Used as its hydrochloride salt for treatment of adults with complicated skin and skin structure infections caused by bacteria. It has a role as an antibacterial drug and an antimicrobial agent. It is functionally related to a vancomycin. Telavancin is a semi-synthetic derivative of vanocymycin that has bactericidal activity against Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and other gram-positive bacteria. MRSA is an important pathogen capable of causing hospital-acquired pneumonia (HAP), ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP), and skin and subcutaneous tissue infections among others. Telavancin is a Lipoglycopeptide Antibacterial.


**Response:** The given molecule, known as daptomycin, is a complex cyclic lipopeptide antibiotic with a highly intricate structure. Its chemical properties are largely influenced by its structural features, which include a macrocyclic peptide core, multiple hydroxyl groups, amino groups, and a chlorinated aromatic system. Here's how these features relate to its chemical properties:

1. **Lipopeptide Structure**: The molecule is a lipopeptide, meaning it has both lipid and peptide components. This dual nature allows it to integrate into bacterial membranes, which is crucial for its mechanism of action. The lipid portion facilitates its insertion into the lipid bilayer of bacterial membranes.

2. **Cyclic Peptide Core**: The macrocyclic peptide structure provides rigidity and stability to the molecule, which is important for its interaction with bacterial membranes. This cyclic nature also contributes to its resistance to proteolytic degradation, enhancing its stability in biological environments.

3. **Hydroxyl and Amino Groups**: The presence of multiple hydroxyl and amino groups increases the molecule's hydrophilicity, which is balanced by its hydrophobic lipid tail. These functional groups can form hydrogen bonds, which may play a role in binding to the bacterial membrane.

4. **Chlorinated Aromatic System**: The dichloro substitution on the aromatic rings contributes to the molecule's ability to interact with the negatively charged components of bacterial membranes, such as phospholipids and teichoic acids. This interaction is essential for its antibacterial activity.

5. **Phosphorylated and Amidino Groups**: The phosphoryl and amidino groups present in the structure can participate in ionic interactions with the bacterial membrane, further stabilizing the molecule's binding to the membrane.

6. **Carboxylic Acid Group**: The carboxylic acid moiety can ionize, contributing to the molecule's solubility and interaction with the bacterial membrane. This group may also play a role in the molecule's overall charge, affecting its distribution and activity in biological systems.

7. **Mechanism of Action**: The molecule's ability to bind to the bacterial membrane and disrupt calcium-dependent processes is a result of its unique structural features. The cyclic peptide core and the lipophilic tail allow it to embed into the membrane, while the functional groups facilitate interactions with the membrane components.

Overall, the given molecule's chemical properties are intricately linked to its structural complexity, enabling it to function effectively as an antibiotic by targeting bacterial membranes.

---

## Molecule 19

**SMILES:** C([C@@H]1[C@H]([C@@H]([C@H]([C@H](O1)O[C@@H]2[C@H](O[C@@H]([C@@H]([C@H]2O)O)O[C@@H]3[C@H](OC([C@@H]([C@H]3O)O)O)CO)CO)O)O)O)O

**IUPAC Name:** (2R,3R,4S,5S,6R)-2-[(2R,3S,4R,5R,6R)-4,5-dihydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)-6-[(2R,3S,4R,5R)-4,5,6-trihydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-3-yl]oxyoxan-3-yl]oxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxane-3,4,5-triol

**Description:** Alpha-D-Glcp-(1->4)-alpha-D-Glcp-(1->4)-D-Glcp is a maltotriose trisaccharide in which the glucose residue at the reducing end is in the pyranose form. It is a maltotriose trisaccharide and a glucotriose. Maltotriose is a metabolite found in or produced by Escherichia coli (strain K12, MG1655). Amylotriose is a natural product found in Allium sativum, Cyttaria darwinii, and Aureobasidium pullulans with data available.


**Response:** The given molecule is an oligosaccharide, which is a type of carbohydrate composed of a small number of monosaccharide units linked together. The structure of the given molecule reveals several important chemical properties:

1. **Hydroxyl Groups**: The molecule contains multiple hydroxyl (-OH) groups. These groups are highly polar, making the molecule hydrophilic and capable of forming hydrogen bonds with water and other polar molecules. This property is crucial for its solubility in water and its interaction with other biological molecules.

2. **Glycosidic Linkages**: The molecule features glycosidic bonds, which are ether linkages formed between the anomeric carbon of one sugar unit and a hydroxyl group of another. These linkages are responsible for the structural integrity of the oligosaccharide and determine its specific three-dimensional conformation.

3. **Chirality and Stereochemistry**: The molecule has several chiral centers, as indicated by the stereochemical descriptors (R and S) in its name. This chirality is essential for the molecule's biological activity and its interaction with enzymes and receptors. The specific configuration of these centers can affect the molecule's recognition and binding properties.

4. **Hydroxymethyl Groups**: The presence of hydroxymethyl groups (-CH2OH) contributes to the molecule's reactivity and ability to participate in further chemical reactions, such as esterification or etherification.

5. **Cyclic Structure**: The molecule consists of cyclic sugar units, specifically pyranose rings. These rings are stable structures that can adopt different conformations, such as chair or boat forms, which influence the molecule's overall shape and flexibility.

Overall, the given molecule's chemical properties, such as solubility, reactivity, and interaction with other molecules, are largely determined by its hydroxyl groups, glycosidic linkages, stereochemistry, and cyclic structure. These properties are essential for its role in biological systems, where it may function in energy storage, cellular recognition, or as a structural component.

---

## Molecule 20

**SMILES:** C[C@]12CC[C@@H](C([C@@H]1CC[C@@]3([C@@H]2CC=C4[C@]3(CC[C@@]5([C@H]4C[C@@](C[C@H]5O)(C)C(=O)O)C)C)C)(C)C)O

**IUPAC Name:** (2R,4R,4aR,6aR,6aS,6bR,8aR,10S,12aR,14bS)-4,10-dihydroxy-2,4a,6a,6b,9,9,12a-heptamethyl-1,3,4,5,6,6a,7,8,8a,10,11,12,13,14b-tetradecahydropicene-2-carboxylic acid

**Description:** Triptotriterpenic acid B is a pentacyclic triterpenoid with formula C30H48O4, originally isolated from Tripterygium hypoglaucum. It has a role as a plant metabolite. It is a diol, a hydroxy monocarboxylic acid and a pentacyclic triterpenoid. It derives from a hydride of an oleanane.


**Response:** The given molecule is a complex natural product with a polycyclic structure, specifically a derivative of picene. It features multiple chiral centers, which contribute to its stereochemistry and biological activity. The presence of hydroxyl groups and a carboxylic acid functional group significantly influences its chemical properties.

1. **Hydroxyl Groups**: The two hydroxyl groups in the molecule make it capable of forming hydrogen bonds, which can affect its solubility in water and its interaction with biological molecules. These groups can also participate in reactions typical of alcohols, such as esterification or oxidation.

2. **Carboxylic Acid Group**: The carboxylic acid group is a key functional group that imparts acidic properties to the molecule. It can donate a proton in aqueous solutions, making the molecule potentially reactive in acid-base chemistry. This group can also form esters and amides, which are important in biological systems.

3. **Polycyclic Structure**: The polycyclic framework of the molecule provides rigidity and a large surface area, which can influence its interaction with enzymes and receptors. The multiple rings can also affect the molecule's overall hydrophobicity, potentially enhancing its ability to cross lipid membranes.

4. **Methyl Groups**: The presence of several methyl groups contributes to the hydrophobic character of the molecule. These groups can also influence the molecule's conformation and steric properties, affecting how it fits into biological targets.

5. **Chirality**: The multiple chiral centers in the molecule mean that it can exist in various stereoisomeric forms, each potentially having different biological activities. The specific stereochemistry can be crucial for the molecule's interaction with chiral environments, such as those found in biological systems.

Overall, the given molecule's chemical properties are shaped by its functional groups, stereochemistry, and polycyclic structure, which together influence its solubility, reactivity, and biological activity.

---

## Molecule 21

**SMILES:** C[C@H]1CC[C@H]2[C@H]1C(=O)OC=C2C

**IUPAC Name:** (4aS,7S,7aS)-4,7-dimethyl-5,6,7,7a-tetrahydro-4aH-cyclopenta[c]pyran-1-one

**Description:** Trans-cis-nepetalactone is a cyclopentapyran that is (4aS,7aS)-1,4a,5,6,7,7a-hexahydrocyclopenta[c]pyran substituted at position 1 by an oxo group and at positions 4 and 7 by methyl groups, respectively (the 4aS,7S,7aS-diastereomer). An iridoid monoterpenoid isolated from several Nepeta plant species. It exhibits potent repellant activity against house dust mites and mosquitoes. It has a role as an insect repellent, a plant metabolite, an antibacterial agent and an antifungal agent. It is an iridoid monoterpenoid and a cyclopentapyran. Nepetalactone trans-cis-form is a natural product found in Nepeta nepetella, Nepeta cataria, and other organisms with data available.


**Response:** The given molecule is a cyclopenta[c]pyran derivative, characterized by a bicyclic structure that includes a cyclopentane ring fused to a pyran ring. This structure is further modified by the presence of two methyl groups and a ketone functional group.

The presence of the ketone group (indicated by the '-one' suffix) contributes significantly to the molecule's chemical properties. Ketones are known for their ability to participate in nucleophilic addition reactions due to the polarized carbonyl group. This makes the given molecule potentially reactive in the presence of nucleophiles.

The bicyclic framework, with its specific stereochemistry, imparts rigidity to the molecule. The stereochemistry, denoted by the (4aS,7R,7aR) configuration, suggests that the molecule has chiral centers, which can influence its interaction with biological systems, potentially affecting its bioactivity and the way it fits into enzyme active sites or receptor binding pockets.

The methyl groups attached to the bicyclic structure can influence the molecule's hydrophobicity, potentially affecting its solubility in water and its ability to interact with lipid membranes. This can be relevant for its role as a natural product, as it may influence how the molecule is absorbed, distributed, and metabolized in biological systems.

Overall, the given molecule's chemical properties are shaped by its bicyclic structure, the presence of a ketone group, and its specific stereochemistry, all of which contribute to its potential biological activity and interactions.

---

## Molecule 22

**SMILES:** C1[C@H]([C@H](OC2=C1C(=CC(=C2[C@@H]3[C@H]([C@H](OC4=C3C(=CC(=C4[C@@H]5[C@H]([C@H](OC6=C(C(=CC(=C56)O)O)[C@@H]7[C@H]([C@H](OC8=CC(=CC(=C78)O)O)C9=CC(=C(C=C9)O)O)O)C1=CC(=C(C=C1)O)O)O)O)O)C1=CC(=C(C=C1)O)O)O)O)O)C1=CC(=C(C=C1)O)O)O

**IUPAC Name:** (2R,3R,4R)-2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-4-[(2R,3R,4S)-2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-4-[(2R,3R)-2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-3,5,7-trihydroxy-3,4-dihydro-2H-chromen-8-yl]-3,5,7-trihydroxy-3,4-dihydro-2H-chromen-8-yl]-8-[(2R,3R,4R)-2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-3,5,7-trihydroxy-3,4-dihydro-2H-chromen-4-yl]-3,4-dihydro-2H-chromene-3,5,7-triol

**Description:** Cinnamtannin A2 is a proanthocyanidin isolated from Cinnamomum cassia. It has a role as a plant metabolite. Cinnamtannin A2 is a natural product found in Cinnamomum iners, Cinnamomum aromaticum, and other organisms with data available.


**Response:** The given molecule is a complex polyphenolic compound, characterized by multiple hydroxyl groups and chromene structures. This molecule is a type of flavonoid, specifically a proanthocyanidin, which is a class of polyphenols. The presence of multiple dihydroxyphenyl groups and chromene rings indicates that it has significant antioxidant properties. These hydroxyl groups can donate hydrogen atoms to neutralize free radicals, which is a key feature of antioxidants.

The stereochemistry, indicated by the R and S configurations, suggests that the molecule has specific three-dimensional orientations, which can influence its interaction with biological targets. The multiple hydroxyl groups also enhance the molecule's solubility in water, which is important for its bioavailability and interaction with biological systems.

The chromene structures, which are oxygen-containing heterocycles, contribute to the molecule's stability and reactivity. These structures can participate in various chemical reactions, such as oxidation and reduction, which are important in biological systems.

Overall, the given molecule's chemical properties, including its antioxidant activity, solubility, and reactivity, are largely determined by its polyphenolic structure and the presence of multiple hydroxyl groups. These properties make it an important natural product with potential health benefits.

---

## Molecule 23

**SMILES:** [Cl-]

**IUPAC Name:** chloride

**Description:** Chloride is a halide anion formed when chlorine picks up an electron to form an an anion. It has a role as a human metabolite, an Escherichia coli metabolite and a cofactor. It is a halide anion and a monoatomic chlorine. It is a conjugate base of a hydrogen chloride. Chloride is a metabolite found in or produced by Escherichia coli (strain K12, MG1655). Chloride Ion is a chlorine anion that forms the negatively charged part of certain salts, including sodium and hydrogen chloride salts, and is an essential electrolyte located in all body fluids responsible for maintaining acid/base balance, transmitting nerve impulses and regulating fluid in and out of cells. Chloride is a metabolite found in or produced by Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Inorganic compounds derived from hydrochloric acid that contain the Cl- ion.


**Response:** The given molecule, being the hydron, is simply a proton, or hydrogen ion (H⁺). As a single proton, it does not have a complex molecular structure but is a fundamental component of many chemical reactions. The chemical properties of the hydron are largely determined by its positive charge and its small size. 

As a cation, the hydron readily participates in acid-base reactions. It can donate its proton to a base, forming a hydronium ion in aqueous solutions. This ability to donate a proton makes it a key player in the formation of acids. In the context of the given molecule being a conjugate acid of hydroxide, it can donate a proton to form hydroxide ions (OH⁻), thus acting as a strong acid. 

The hydron's small size and high charge density also allow it to interact strongly with negatively charged species, such as anions, which can lead to the formation of ionic bonds. This property is crucial in the formation of ionic compounds and in the stabilization of certain molecular structures through ionic interactions. 

Overall, the chemical properties of the hydron are characterized by its role as a proton donor, its ability to form ionic bonds, and its high reactivity in acid-base chemistry.

---

## Molecule 24

**SMILES:** CC1=C(NN=C1)C(=O)O

**IUPAC Name:** 4-methyl-1H-pyrazole-5-carboxylic acid

**Description:** 4-methyl-pyrazole-3-carboxylic acid is a memebr of the class of pyrazoles that is 1H-pyrazole with methyl and carboxylic acid group substituents at positions 4 and 3 respectively. It has a role as a metabolite. It is a member of pyrazoles and a monocarboxylic acid. It derives from a hydride of a 1H-pyrazole.


**Response:** The given molecule is a derivative of pyrazole, which is a five-membered heterocyclic compound containing two adjacent nitrogen atoms. The presence of these nitrogen atoms contributes to the molecule's basicity and ability to participate in hydrogen bonding, which can influence its solubility and reactivity.

The methyl group attached to the pyrazole ring increases the hydrophobic character of the molecule, potentially affecting its solubility in water and organic solvents. This substitution can also influence the electronic properties of the ring, potentially affecting its reactivity and interaction with other molecules.

The carboxylic acid group is a key functional group in the given molecule, imparting acidic properties. This group can donate a proton (H⁺) in aqueous solutions, making the molecule capable of participating in acid-base reactions. The presence of the carboxylic acid group also enhances the molecule's solubility in polar solvents like water due to its ability to form hydrogen bonds.

Overall, the combination of the pyrazole ring, methyl group, and carboxylic acid group in the given molecule results in a compound with unique chemical properties, including basicity, acidity, and the potential for hydrogen bonding, which can influence its behavior in chemical reactions and interactions with biological systems.

---

## Molecule 25

**SMILES:** CC(C)[N+]1([C@@H]2CC[C@H]1CC(C2)OC(=O)[C@@H](CO)C3=CC=CC=C3)C

**IUPAC Name:** [(1R,5S)-8-methyl-8-propan-2-yl-8-azoniabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-3-yl] (2R)-3-hydroxy-2-phenylpropanoate

**Description:** Ipratropium is an Anticholinergic. The mechanism of action of ipratropium is as a Cholinergic Antagonist. Ipratropium is a synthetic anticholinergic agent that is used as an inhalant for treatment of acute bronchospasm due to chronic bronchitis and emphysema. Ipratropium has not been implicated in causing liver enzyme elevations or clinically apparent acute liver injury.


**Response:** The given molecule is a tropane alkaloid, which is a class of chemical compounds that are typically derived from plants like Atropa belladonna and Datura stramonium. The structure of the given molecule includes a bicyclic tropane ring system, which is a common feature in many alkaloids. This bicyclic structure contributes to the molecule's rigidity and influences its interaction with biological targets.

The presence of a quaternary ammonium group, indicated by the "azonia" part of the name, suggests that the molecule is positively charged. This positive charge can significantly affect the molecule's solubility and its ability to interact with biological membranes, often enhancing its ability to cross lipid bilayers and interact with receptors.

The molecule also contains a propan-2-yl group, which is a branched alkyl chain, and a methyl group, which can influence the molecule's hydrophobicity. These groups can affect the molecule's overall lipophilicity, impacting its distribution within biological systems.

Additionally, the ester linkage in the molecule, formed by the combination of the tropane ring and the hydroxyphenylpropanoate moiety, is a key feature. This ester bond can be susceptible to hydrolysis, which may play a role in the molecule's metabolism and bioavailability.

The hydroxy group on the phenylpropanoate moiety can participate in hydrogen bonding, which may influence the molecule's solubility and its interaction with biological targets, such as receptors or enzymes.

Overall, the given molecule's chemical properties, including its positive charge, hydrophobic groups, and potential for hydrogen bonding, are crucial for its biological activity and pharmacokinetic profile. These properties are typical of tropane alkaloids, which are known for their potent effects on the nervous system.

---

## Molecule 26

**SMILES:** C[C@H]1C(=O)N[C@H](C(=O)N[C@H](C(=O)N[C@H]2CSSC[C@H]3C(=O)N[C@H](C(=O)N[C@H](CSSC[C@H]4C(=O)NCC(=O)NCC(=O)N[C@H](C(=O)NCC(=O)N[C@H](C(=O)NCC(=O)N[C@H](C(=O)N[C@@H](CSSC[C@@H](C(=O)N[C@H](C(=O)N[C@H](C(=O)N[C@H](C(=O)N[C@H](C(=O)N[C@H](C(=O)N[C@H](C(=O)N[C@H](C(=O)N1)CCSC)CCC(=O)N)CC5=CNC=N5)CC(=O)O)[C@@H](C)O)[C@@H](C)O)CC6=CC=CC=C6)NC(=O)[C@@H]7CCCN7C(=O)[C@@H](NC(=O)[C@H](CSSC[C@@H](C(=O)N4)NC(=O)[C@@H](NC(=O)[C@@H](NC2=O)CC(=O)O)CC(=O)O)NC(=O)[C@H](CCSC)N)CCSC)C(=O)N[C@H](C(=O)NCC(=O)N8CCC[C@H]8C(=O)N[C@H](C(=O)N3)CCC(=O)N)CC9=CC=C(C=C9)O)CCCCN)CCCNC(=N)N)CCCCN)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCNC(=N)N)C(=O)N)CC(C)C)CCCCN)CCCNC(=N)N

**IUPAC Name:** 2-[(1R,4R,5aS,8aS,9R,12S,17aS,18S,20aS,21R,24S,27S,30S,33S,36S,39S,42S,45S,48S,51S,54R,59R,62S,65S,74S,77R,80S,86S,92S)-51,80,92-tris(4-aminobutyl)-5a-[[(2S)-1-amino-5-carbamimidamido-1-oxopentan-2-yl]carbamoyl]-9-[[(2S)-2-amino-4-methylsulfanylbutanoyl]amino]-39,62-bis(3-amino-3-oxopropyl)-24-benzyl-48,86-bis(3-carbamimidamidopropyl)-20a,33-bis(carboxymethyl)-27,30-bis[(1R)-1-hydroxyethyl]-74-[(4-hydroxyphenyl)methyl]-36-(1H-imidazol-4-ylmethyl)-45-methyl-8a-(2-methylpropyl)-12,42-bis(2-methylsulfanylethyl)-a,3,7a,10,10a,13,15a,18a,19,21a,22,25,28,31,34,37,40,43,46,49,52,61,64,70,73,76,79,82,85,88,91,94,97-tritriacontaoxo-2a,3a,6,7,12a,13a,56,57-octathia-2,6a,9a,11,14,16a,19a,20,22a,23,26,29,32,35,38,41,44,47,50,53,60,63,69,72,75,78,81,84,87,90,93,96,99-tritriacontazahexacyclo[57.41.10.84,54.421,77.014,18.065,69]docosahectan-17a-yl]acetic acid

**Description:** Chlorotoxin is under investigation in clinical trial NCT00733798 (A Safety and Efficacy Study of Intravenous 131I-TM601 in Adult Patients With Malignant Melanoma). Chlorotoxin is a peptide toxin produced by the Egyptian scorpion (Leiurus quinquestriatus quinquestriatus). It blocks small-conductance chloride channels. The fact that Chlorotoxin binds preferentially to glioma cells compared with non-neoplastic cells or normal brain cells has allowed the development of new methods for the treatment and diagnosis of several types of cancer. (L1043)


**Response:** The given molecule, known as Veldesine, is a complex polypeptide with a highly intricate structure. It is a synthetic derivative of kaitocephalin, a natural product, and is designed to exhibit antineoplastic activity. The chemical properties of this molecule can be understood by examining its structural features.

1. **Polypeptide Backbone**: The given molecule is a polypeptide, which means it is composed of amino acid residues linked by peptide bonds. This backbone is crucial for its biological activity, as it allows the molecule to interact with biological targets, such as proteins or enzymes, within the body.

2. **Functional Groups**: The molecule contains several functional groups, including amide, amine, hydroxyl, and carbamoyl groups. These groups contribute to the molecule's solubility, reactivity, and ability to form hydrogen bonds, which are essential for its interaction with biological molecules.

3. **Aromatic Rings**: The presence of phenyl and imidazole rings in the structure suggests that the molecule can participate in π-π interactions and hydrophobic interactions. These interactions are important for binding to specific sites on target proteins, enhancing its antineoplastic activity.

4. **Sulfur Atoms**: The molecule contains multiple sulfur atoms, which are part of thioether linkages. These sulfur atoms can contribute to the molecule's stability and its ability to form disulfide bridges, which can influence the overall conformation and biological activity.

5. **Chirality**: The molecule has several chiral centers, which are indicated by the stereochemistry in the IUPAC name. The specific 3D arrangement of these chiral centers is critical for the molecule's biological function, as it determines how the molecule fits into and interacts with its biological targets.

6. **Acetic Acid Moiety**: The presence of an acetic acid group at the end of the molecule suggests that it may have acidic properties, which can influence its solubility and the way it is absorbed and distributed in the body.

Overall, the given molecule's chemical properties are defined by its complex polypeptide structure, diverse functional groups, aromatic and sulfur-containing components, and stereochemistry. These features collectively contribute to its role as an antineoplastic agent, allowing it to interact with and inhibit specific biological pathways involved in cancer cell growth and proliferation.

---

## Molecule 27

**SMILES:** CC/C=C\C/C=C\C/C=C\CCCCCCCC(=O)O

**IUPAC Name:** (9Z,12Z,15Z)-octadeca-9,12,15-trienoic acid

**Description:** Linolenic acid is a clear colorless liquid. (NTP, 1992) Alpha-linolenic acid is a linolenic acid with cis-double bonds at positions 9, 12 and 15. Shown to have an antithrombotic effect. It has a role as a micronutrient, a nutraceutical and a mouse metabolite. It is an omega-3 fatty acid and a linolenic acid. It is a conjugate acid of an alpha-linolenate and a (9Z,12Z,15Z)-octadeca-9,12,15-trienoate. Alpha-linolenic acid (ALA) is a polyunsaturated omega-3 fatty acid. It is a component of many common vegetable oils and is important to human nutrition.


**Response:** The given molecule is a polyunsaturated fatty acid, specifically an octadecatrienoic acid, which means it contains 18 carbon atoms and three double bonds. The presence of these double bonds is indicated by the 'trienoic' part of the name, and they are in the cis configuration, as denoted by the 'Z' in the IUPAC name. This configuration means that the hydrogen atoms attached to the carbon atoms of the double bonds are on the same side, which introduces kinks in the molecule's structure.

The double bonds are located at the 9th, 12th, and 15th carbon positions in the carbon chain. These positions are significant because they influence the molecule's chemical properties, such as its reactivity and its ability to participate in biochemical pathways. The cis configuration of the double bonds makes the molecule more flexible and less tightly packed than saturated fatty acids, which can affect its melting point and solubility.

As a polyunsaturated fatty acid, the given molecule is involved in various biological processes. It can be found in natural sources like the plant species Sida spinosa and is also a metabolite in organisms such as Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Its role as a metabolite suggests it may be involved in energy storage, membrane fluidity, and signaling pathways within cells.

The carboxylic acid group at the end of the molecule is a key functional group that contributes to its acidic properties. This group can participate in hydrogen bonding and can be ionized to form a carboxylate anion, which is important for its solubility in aqueous environments and its interactions with other biomolecules.

Overall, the given molecule's structure, with its unsaturated carbon chain and carboxylic acid group, defines its chemical properties and its role in biological systems.

---

## Molecule 28

**SMILES:** C[C@@H]1CC[C@H]2C[C@@H](/C(=C/C=C\C=C\[C@H](C[C@H](C(=O)[C@H]([C@H](/C(=C\[C@H](C(=O)C[C@H](OC(=O)[C@@H]3CCCCN3C(=O)C(=O)[C@@]1(O2)O)[C@@H](C)C[C@@H]4CC[C@H]([C@@H](C4)OC)OC(=O)C(C)(CO)CO)C)/C)O)OC)C)C)/C)OC

**IUPAC Name:** [(1R,2R,4S)-4-[(2S)-2-[(1R,9S,12S,15R,16Z,18S,19S,21R,23S,24E,26Z,28E,30S,32S,35R)-1,18-dihydroxy-19,30-dimethoxy-15,17,21,23,29,35-hexamethyl-2,3,10,14,20-pentaoxo-11,36-dioxa-4-azatricyclo[30.3.1.04,9]hexatriaconta-16,24,26,28-tetraen-12-yl]propyl]-2-methoxycyclohexyl] 3-hydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)-2-methylpropanoate

**Description:** Temsirolimus is an inhibitor of cell proliferation and anticancer agent that is used as treatment of advanced renal cell cancer. Temsirolimus therapy is frequently associated with mild serum enzyme elevations, but has yet to be linked to instances of clinically apparent liver injury with jaundice.


**Response:** The given molecule, known as Temsirolimus, is a macrocyclic lactone with a complex structure that includes multiple functional groups contributing to its chemical properties and biological activity. Here's a detailed explanation of its chemical properties based on its structure:

1. **Macrocyclic Lactone Structure**: The molecule features a large macrocyclic ring, which is a common characteristic of many natural products. This structure provides a rigid framework that can interact with biological targets, such as proteins, through specific binding interactions. The macrocyclic nature also contributes to the molecule's stability and resistance to metabolic degradation.

2. **Hydroxyl Groups**: The presence of multiple hydroxyl groups in the molecule increases its polarity and potential for hydrogen bonding. These groups can form hydrogen bonds with amino acid residues in proteins, enhancing the molecule's binding affinity and specificity to its target, mTOR (mammalian target of rapamycin).

3. **Methoxy Groups**: The methoxy groups present in the molecule contribute to its lipophilicity, which can affect its solubility and membrane permeability. These groups can also influence the electronic properties of the molecule, potentially affecting its interaction with biological targets.

4. **Carbonyl Groups**: The carbonyl groups in the molecule are key functional groups that can participate in hydrogen bonding and dipole-dipole interactions. These interactions are crucial for the molecule's binding to its target protein, mTOR, and can also affect its reactivity and stability.

5. **Cyclic Ethers and Lactones**: The presence of cyclic ethers and lactones in the structure contributes to the molecule's rigidity and three-dimensional shape, which is important for its biological activity. These features help the molecule maintain a specific conformation that is necessary for its function as an inhibitor of mTOR.

6. **Inhibition of mTOR**: The molecule's ability to inhibit mTOR is primarily due to its macrocyclic structure and the presence of functional groups that facilitate strong and specific binding to the mTOR protein. This inhibition leads to the suppression of protein synthesis and cell proliferation, which is particularly effective in rapidly dividing cancer cells.

7. **Immunosuppressive Properties**: The molecule's structure allows it to modulate immune responses by inhibiting the activation of T-cells. This is achieved through its interaction with mTOR, which is involved in cell growth and immune cell function.

Overall, the given molecule's chemical properties are intricately linked to its structural features, which enable it to function as an effective inhibitor of mTOR and exhibit immunosuppressive activity. These properties make it a valuable therapeutic agent in the treatment of certain types of cancer.

---

## Molecule 29

**SMILES:** CN1CCC2=CC(=C3C4=C2[C@H]1CC5=CC=C(C=C5)OC6=C(C=CC(=C6)C[C@H]7C8=CC(=C(O3)C=C8CCN7)O4)O)OC

**IUPAC Name:** (8S,21R)-27-methoxy-22-methyl-15,29,31-trioxa-7,22-diazaoctacyclo[19.9.3.216,19.14,30.110,14.03,8.025,33.028,32]heptatriaconta-1(30),2,4(34),10(37),11,13,16,18,25,27,32,35-dodecaen-13-ol

**Description:** (8S,21R)-27-methoxy-22-methyl-15,29,31-trioxa-7,22-diazaoctacyclo[19. 9. 3. 216,19. 14,30. 110,14. 03,8. 025,33. 028,32]heptatriaconta-1(30),2,4(34),10(37),11,13,16,18,25,27,32,35-dodecaen-13-ol is a natural product found in Achillea biebersteinii and Achillea micrantha with data available.


**Response:** The given molecule is a complex natural product with a highly intricate structure, as indicated by its IUPAC name. It is characterized by a polycyclic framework, which includes multiple rings and a variety of functional groups. Here are some of the key chemical properties based on its structure:

1. **Polycyclic Structure**: The molecule contains an octacyclic system, which means it has eight interconnected rings. This complex arrangement contributes to its rigidity and stability, often resulting in unique biological activities.

2. **Aromaticity**: The presence of multiple dodecaen (twelve double bonds) suggests that the molecule has several conjugated systems, which are indicative of aromaticity. Aromatic systems are known for their stability due to resonance and can participate in π-π interactions, which are important in biological recognition processes.

3. **Functional Groups**:
   - **Methoxy Group**: The presence of a methoxy group (–OCH₃) introduces a site for potential hydrogen bonding and increases the molecule's lipophilicity, which can affect its solubility and permeability.
   - **Alcohol Group**: The presence of an alcohol group (–OH) provides a site for hydrogen bonding, which can influence the molecule's solubility in water and its reactivity. It can also participate in esterification or etherification reactions.
   - **Ether Linkages**: The trioxa (three oxygen atoms) component indicates the presence of ether linkages, which can affect the molecule's flexibility and solubility. Ethers are generally stable but can be cleaved under acidic conditions.

4. **Nitrogen Atoms**: The diaza (two nitrogen atoms) component suggests the presence of amine groups, which can act as basic sites and participate in hydrogen bonding. These nitrogen atoms can also influence the molecule's electronic properties and reactivity.

5. **Chirality**: The stereochemistry indicated by the (1S,14S) configuration suggests that the molecule has chiral centers, which can significantly impact its biological activity. Chirality is crucial in drug design and natural product chemistry, as it can determine the interaction with biological targets.

Overall, the given molecule's complex structure, with its polycyclic framework, aromatic systems, and various functional groups, suggests it has significant potential for biological activity, which is consistent with its natural occurrence in Cocculus pendulus. These structural features can contribute to its role in natural processes or its potential use in pharmaceutical applications.

---

## Molecule 30

**SMILES:** CC(=O)N[C@@H]1[C@H](C[C@@](O[C@H]1[C@@H]([C@@H](CO)O)O)(C(=O)O)O[C@@H]2[C@H]([C@@H](O[C@@H]([C@@H]2O[C@H]3[C@@H]([C@H]([C@H]([C@H](O3)CO)O)O)NC(=O)C)CO)O[C@@H]4[C@H]([C@@H](O[C@@H]([C@H]4O)CO)O[C@@H]5[C@H]([C@@H](O[C@@H]([C@@H]5O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)NC(=O)C)CO)O[C@@H]7[C@H](O[C@H]([C@@H]([C@H]7O)O)O)CO)O)NC(=O)C)O)O

**IUPAC Name:** (2S,4S,5R,6R)-5-acetamido-2-[(2R,3R,4R,5S,6R)-2-[(2S,3R,4R,5S,6R)-3-acetamido-2-[(2R,3S,4R,5R,6S)-3-[(2S,3R,4R,5R,6R)-3-acetamido-4,5-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy-5-hydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)-6-[(2R,3S,4R,5R,6R)-4,5,6-trihydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-3-yl]oxyoxan-4-yl]oxy-5-hydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-4-yl]oxy-5-[(2S,3R,4R,5R,6R)-3-acetamido-4,5-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy-3-hydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-4-yl]oxy-4-hydroxy-6-[(1R,2R)-1,2,3-trihydroxypropyl]oxane-2-carboxylic acid

**Description:** Beta-D-GalpNAc-(1->4)-[beta-D-GalpNAc-(1->4)-[alpha-Neup5Ac-(2->3)]-beta-D-Galp-(1->3)-beta-D-GlcpNAc-(1->3)]-beta-D-Galp-(1->4)-beta-D-Glcp is a member of the class of neuraminic acids that is neuraminic acid attached in sequence to beta-D-galactopyranosyl, 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-beta-D-glucopyranosyl, beta-D-galactopyranosyl, and beta-D-glucopyranosyl, residues by (2->3), (1->3), (1->3) and (1->4) glycosidic linkages. The galactosyl residue attached to the neuraminic acid is glycosylated at position 4 by a beta-D-acetamidogalactosyl residue, while the other galactosyl residue has been glycosylated at position 4 by a 2-acetamido-beta-D-galactopyranosyl residue. It is a member of neuraminic acids and a heptasaccharide derivative.


**Response:** The given molecule is a complex carbohydrate derivative, characterized by multiple sugar units linked together. Its structure is composed of several hexose sugars, each with various functional groups that contribute to its chemical properties.

1. **Hydroxyl Groups**: The molecule contains numerous hydroxyl (-OH) groups, which are typical of carbohydrates. These groups make the molecule highly polar and capable of forming hydrogen bonds, both intra- and intermolecularly. This property enhances its solubility in water and contributes to its reactivity, particularly in forming glycosidic bonds.

2. **Acetamido Groups**: The presence of acetamido groups (derived from acetic acid and an amine) introduces nitrogen into the structure, which can participate in hydrogen bonding and affect the molecule's solubility and reactivity. These groups also contribute to the molecule's ability to engage in biochemical interactions, such as those with proteins or enzymes.

3. **Carboxylic Acid Group**: The carboxylic acid group at one end of the molecule imparts acidic properties, allowing it to donate a proton in aqueous solutions. This group can also participate in ionic interactions and form esters or amides, which are important in biochemical pathways.

4. **Glycosidic Linkages**: The molecule features multiple glycosidic linkages, which are ether bonds connecting the sugar units. These linkages are crucial for the structural integrity of the molecule and determine its resistance to enzymatic degradation. The stereochemistry of these linkages (indicated by the R and S configurations) affects the molecule's three-dimensional shape and its biological activity.

5. **Stereochemistry**: The specific stereochemistry of the molecule, indicated by the R and S configurations, is essential for its biological function. The spatial arrangement of atoms influences how the molecule interacts with other biomolecules, such as enzymes and receptors, and can affect its recognition and binding properties.

Overall, the given molecule's chemical properties are largely defined by its hydroxyl, acetamido, and carboxylic acid groups, as well as its glycosidic linkages and stereochemistry. These features make it a versatile molecule in biological systems, capable of participating in a variety of chemical reactions and interactions.

---

## Molecule 31

**SMILES:** CC1=C(N=C(N=C1N)[C@H](CC(=O)N)NC[C@@H](C(=O)N)N)C(=O)N[C@@H]([C@H](C2=CN=CN2)O[C@H]3[C@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@@H](O3)CO)O)O)O[C@@H]4[C@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O4)CO)O)OC(=O)N)O)C(=O)N[C@H](C)[C@H]([C@H](C)C(=O)N[C@@H]([C@@H](C)O)C(=O)NCCC5=N[C@H](CS5)C6=NC(=CS6)C(=O)NCCCCN=C(N)N)O

**IUPAC Name:** [(2R,3S,4S,5R,6R)-2-[(2R,3S,4S,5S,6S)-2-[(1R,2S)-2-[[6-amino-2-[(1S)-3-amino-1-[[(2S)-2,3-diamino-3-oxopropyl]amino]-3-oxopropyl]-5-methylpyrimidine-4-carbonyl]amino]-3-[[(2R,3S,4S)-5-[[(2S,3R)-1-[2-[(4R)-4-[4-[4-(diaminomethylideneamino)butylcarbamoyl]-1,3-thiazol-2-yl]-4,5-dihydro-1,3-thiazol-2-yl]ethylamino]-3-hydroxy-1-oxobutan-2-yl]amino]-3-hydroxy-4-methyl-5-oxopentan-2-yl]amino]-1-(1H-imidazol-5-yl)-3-oxopropoxy]-4,5-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-3-yl]oxy-3,5-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-4-yl] carbamate

**Description:** Phleomycin D1 is a glycopeptide originally isolated from the bacterium Streptomyces verticillus which contains a (4'R)-4',5'-dihydro-2,4'-bi-1,3-thiazole-2',4-diyl moiety with a a 4-guanidylbutylaminocarbonyl group attached to the 4-position of the terminal thiazole ring. Like all phleomycins, phleomycin D1 can form complexes with redox-active metals such as Co, Cu, and Fe. It has a role as an antineoplastic agent, an antifungal agent, an antimicrobial agent, an antibacterial agent and a bacterial metabolite. It is a chelate-forming peptide, a member of guanidines, a disaccharide derivative, a bi-1,3-thiazole and a glycopeptide.


**Response:** The given molecule, known as bleomycin A2, is a complex glycopeptide antibiotic with significant antineoplastic and immunomodulating properties. Its structure is characterized by several key features that contribute to its chemical properties and biological activity.

1. **Glycopeptide Structure**: The molecule is a glycopeptide, meaning it contains both peptide and sugar moieties. This structure is crucial for its ability to interact with DNA. The glycopeptide backbone allows the molecule to intercalate into DNA strands, which is essential for its role in inducing DNA strand breaks.

2. **Hydroxyl Groups**: The presence of multiple hydroxyl groups in the sugar moieties enhances the molecule's solubility in water, facilitating its interaction with biological systems. These hydroxyl groups can also participate in hydrogen bonding, which is important for the molecule's binding to DNA and other cellular components.

3. **Amino and Carbamoyl Groups**: The molecule contains several amino groups and carbamoyl functionalities. These groups contribute to the molecule's basicity and ability to form hydrogen bonds, which are important for its interaction with DNA and other biomolecules. The amino groups can also participate in ionic interactions, which may influence the molecule's binding affinity and specificity.

4. **Thiazole and Imidazole Rings**: The presence of thiazole and imidazole rings in the structure adds aromaticity and rigidity to the molecule. These heterocyclic components can engage in π-π stacking interactions with DNA bases, further stabilizing the molecule's interaction with DNA.

5. **Copper Coordination**: Bleomycin A2 is known to bind copper ions, which is crucial for its biological activity. The coordination of copper is facilitated by the thiol groups and other electron-donating groups present in the molecule. This copper binding is essential for the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which are responsible for the DNA strand breaks.

6. **Antineoplastic Activity**: The molecule's ability to induce DNA strand breaks makes it effective as an antineoplastic agent. By causing breaks in the DNA, it can inhibit DNA replication and transcription, leading to cell death, which is particularly useful in targeting rapidly dividing cancer cells.

7. **Immunomodulating Properties**: The molecule's interaction with cellular components can also modulate immune responses. This is likely due to its ability to interact with immune cell receptors and signaling pathways, which can influence the immune system's activity.

Overall, the complex structure of the given molecule, with its multiple functional groups and heterocyclic components, underpins its diverse chemical properties and its role as a potent antineoplastic and immunomodulating agent.

---

## Molecule 32

**SMILES:** C(=O)(N)[O-]

**IUPAC Name:** carbamate

**Description:** Carbamate is an amino-acid anion. It is a conjugate base of a carbamic acid. Derivatives of carbamic acid, H2NC(=O)OH. Included under this heading are N-substituted and O-substituted carbamic acids. In general carbamate esters are referred to as urethanes, and polymers that include repeating units of carbamate are referred to as POLYURETHANES. Note however that polyurethanes are derived from the polymerization of ISOCYANATES and the singular term URETHANE refers to the ethyl ester of carbamic acid.


**Response:** The given molecule, carbamimidoyl, is the conjugate base of carbamimidic acid. It is characterized by the presence of an amidine functional group, which consists of a carbon atom double-bonded to a nitrogen atom and single-bonded to another nitrogen atom. This structure imparts several notable chemical properties to the molecule.

Firstly, the amidine group is highly polar due to the presence of the nitrogen atoms, which have lone pairs of electrons, and the carbon-nitrogen double bond. This polarity makes the molecule highly soluble in water and other polar solvents, as it can form hydrogen bonds with water molecules.

The given molecule is also a strong base, which is a result of the electron-donating nature of the nitrogen atoms. The nitrogen with the lone pair of electrons can readily accept protons, making it an effective base in chemical reactions. This property is particularly useful in buffering solutions, where it can help maintain a stable pH by reacting with acids to form the corresponding carbamic acid.

Additionally, the given molecule can participate in nucleophilic substitution reactions due to the presence of the nucleophilic nitrogen atoms. This makes it a versatile reagent in organic synthesis, where it can react with electrophilic centers in various chemical compounds.

Overall, the chemical properties of the given molecule, such as its solubility, basicity, and reactivity, are largely influenced by the presence of the amidine functional group and its ability to form hydrogen bonds.

---

## Molecule 33

**SMILES:** CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)OC[C@H](COP(=O)(O)O)OC(=O)CCCCCCC/C=C\CCCCCCCC

**IUPAC Name:** [(2R)-2-[(Z)-octadec-9-enoyl]oxy-3-phosphonooxypropyl] icosanoate

**Description:** 1-icosanoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphate is a 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycerol 3-phosphate in which the acyl substituents at positions 1 and 2 are specified as icosanoyl (arachidoyl) and oleoyl respectively. It is functionally related to an icosanoic acid and an oleic acid. It is a conjugate acid of a 1-icosanoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphate(2-).


**Response:** The given molecule is a type of phosphatidic acid, specifically a 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycerol 3-phosphate. This molecule consists of a glycerol backbone with two fatty acid chains and a phosphate group attached to the third carbon of the glycerol.

### Chemical Properties:

1. **Amphipathic Nature**: 
   - The molecule has both hydrophobic and hydrophilic regions. The fatty acid chains are hydrophobic, while the phosphate group is hydrophilic. This amphipathic nature is crucial for its role in forming lipid bilayers and acting as a precursor in the biosynthesis of other lipids.

2. **Ester Linkages**:
   - The fatty acid chains are esterified to the glycerol backbone. These ester linkages are susceptible to hydrolysis, which can be catalyzed by enzymes such as lipases. This property is important for the metabolism and turnover of lipids in biological systems.

3. **Unsaturation**:
   - The presence of a double bond in the octadecenoate chain (indicated by the (Z) configuration) introduces a kink in the fatty acid chain. This unsaturation affects the fluidity and packing of the lipid molecules in membranes, influencing membrane dynamics and function.

4. **Chirality**:
   - The molecule has a chiral center at the glycerol backbone, specifically at the second carbon. This chirality is denoted by the (R) configuration, which can affect how the molecule interacts with other chiral molecules, including enzymes and receptors.

5. **Phosphate Group**:
   - The phosphate group imparts a negative charge to the molecule, making it anionic at physiological pH. This charge is essential for the molecule's interaction with other biomolecules, such as proteins and other lipids, and plays a role in signaling pathways.

6. **Biological Role**:
   - As a phosphatidic acid, the given molecule is a key intermediate in the biosynthesis of other glycerophospholipids and triacylglycerols. It also acts as a signaling lipid, involved in various cellular processes such as membrane trafficking and lipid signaling pathways.

Overall, the structural features of the given molecule, including its amphipathic nature, ester linkages, unsaturation, chirality, and phosphate group, define its chemical properties and biological functions.

---

## Molecule 34

**SMILES:** CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)N[C@@H](CO[C@@H]1[C@@H]([C@H]([C@H]([C@H](O1)CO)O)O)O)[C@@H](CCCCCCCCCCCCCCC)O

**IUPAC Name:** N-[(2S,3R)-3-hydroxy-1-[(2S,3R,4S,5R,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxyoctadecan-2-yl]hexacosanamide

**Description:** 1-O-(alpha-D-galactopyranosyl)-N-hexacosanoylsphinganine is a glycodihydroceramide having an alpha-D-galactopyranosyl residue at the O-1 position and an hexacosanoyl group attached to the nitrogen. It has a role as an epitope. It is functionally related to an alpha-D-galactose.


**Response:** The given molecule is a type of glycosphingolipid, specifically a glucosylceramide. This class of molecules is characterized by the presence of a sugar moiety linked to a ceramide backbone. In this case, the sugar component is a glucose unit, which is a hexose with multiple hydroxyl groups, contributing to the molecule's hydrophilic properties. 

The ceramide portion consists of a long-chain base, sphinganine, which is a type of sphingoid base, and a fatty acid, in this case, a tetracosanoyl group, which is a saturated fatty acid with 24 carbon atoms. The long hydrocarbon chains in the ceramide backbone contribute to the hydrophobic nature of the molecule, allowing it to integrate into lipid bilayers.

The presence of multiple hydroxyl groups in the glucose moiety and the hydroxyl group on the sphinganine base enhance the molecule's ability to form hydrogen bonds, which is significant for its interaction with other biomolecules and its role in cellular membranes. The amide linkage between the fatty acid and the sphingoid base is a stable covalent bond, contributing to the structural integrity of the molecule.

Overall, the given molecule's amphipathic nature, with both hydrophilic and hydrophobic regions, allows it to play a crucial role in cell membrane structure and function, participating in cell signaling and recognition processes.

---

## Molecule 35

**SMILES:** CC(C)CCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)O

**IUPAC Name:** 13-methyltetradecanoic acid

**Description:** Isopentadecanoic acid is a branched-chain saturated fatty acid comprising tetradecanoic (myristic) acid substituted at position 13 by a methyl group. It is a long-chain fatty acid, a branched-chain saturated fatty acid and a methyl-branched fatty acid. It is a conjugate acid of an isopentadecanoate. 13-Methyltetradecanoic acid is a natural product found in Streptomyces manipurensis, Myrmekioderma rea, and other organisms with data available. 13-Methyltetradecanoic Acid is a branched-chain saturated fatty acid that is comprised of tetradecanoic acid with a methyl group on the carbon in the thirteenth position.


**Response:** The given molecule is a long-chain fatty acid with a methyl branch. It consists of a 14-carbon saturated aliphatic chain, which is typical of fatty acids, with a carboxylic acid functional group at one end. The presence of a methyl group attached to the 13th carbon introduces a branch in the otherwise linear carbon chain. This branching can influence the physical properties of the molecule, such as lowering the melting point compared to its straight-chain counterpart, due to the disruption in packing efficiency in solid form.

The carboxylic acid group is highly polar and can participate in hydrogen bonding, which affects the molecule's solubility and reactivity. This group is responsible for the acidic properties of the molecule, allowing it to donate a proton in aqueous solutions, forming a carboxylate ion. The long hydrophobic tail, however, makes the molecule predominantly non-polar, which influences its solubility in water and its behavior in biological membranes.

Overall, the given molecule's structure, with its combination of a long hydrophobic tail and a polar head group, makes it amphipathic, a characteristic that is important in biological systems for forming lipid bilayers and other structures.

---

## Molecule 36

**SMILES:** CCCCC/C=C\C=C\[C@@H](CCCCCCCC(=O)[O-])O

**IUPAC Name:** (9R,10E,12Z)-9-hydroxyoctadeca-10,12-dienoate

**Description:** 9(R)-HODE(1-) is a hydroxy fatty acid anion obtained by deprotonation of the carboxy group of 9(R)-HODE; major species at pH 7. 3. It is a hydroxy fatty acid anion, a polyunsaturated fatty acid anion, an octadecanoid anion and a HODE(1-). It is a conjugate base of a 9(R)-HODE. It is an enantiomer of a 9(S)-HODE(1-).


**Response:** The given molecule is a hydroxy fatty acid anion, specifically a derivative of linoleic acid. It is characterized by having a hydroxyl group attached to the ninth carbon and a carboxylate group, which is the deprotonated form of a carboxylic acid, at the terminal end of the carbon chain. The presence of the hydroxyl group introduces polarity to the molecule, which can influence its solubility and reactivity compared to non-hydroxylated fatty acids.

The molecule contains a carbon chain with eighteen carbon atoms, and it features two double bonds, which are in the cis and trans configurations, respectively. These double bonds are located at the eleventh and thirteenth positions. The presence of these double bonds introduces unsaturation, which affects the molecule's physical properties, such as melting point and fluidity. The cis configuration typically results in a bend in the carbon chain, while the trans configuration is more linear, influencing how the molecule interacts with other lipids and biological membranes.

As an anion, the molecule is negatively charged, which affects its interactions with other molecules, particularly in aqueous environments. This charge can influence its solubility in water and its ability to participate in ionic interactions. The given molecule is also a conjugate base of its corresponding acid form, meaning it can readily participate in acid-base reactions, particularly in biological systems where it may act as a signaling molecule or intermediate in metabolic pathways.

Overall, the structural features of the given molecule, including the hydroxyl group, the unsaturated carbon chain, and the carboxylate group, define its chemical properties and potential biological roles.

---

## Molecule 37

**SMILES:** C[C@H]1[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@@H](O1)O[C@H]2CC[C@]3([C@@H](C2)CC[C@@H]4[C@@H]3CC[C@@]56[C@@]4(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]7(CC(=O)OC7)OC6)O)C)O)OC)O

**IUPAC Name:** (1R,2S,5S,6R,9R,12S,13S,16S,18R)-16-[(2R,3S,4R,5S,6S)-3,5-dihydroxy-4-methoxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxy-2-hydroxy-13-methylspiro[7-oxapentacyclo[10.8.0.02,9.05,9.013,18]icosane-6,4'-oxolane]-2'-one

**Description:** (1R,2S,5S,6R,9R,12S,13S,16S,18R)-16-[(2R,3S,4R,5S,6S)-3,5-dihydroxy-4-methoxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxy-2-hydroxy-13-methylspiro[7-oxapentacyclo[10. 8. 0. 02,9. 05,9. 013,18]icosane-6,4'-oxolane]-2'-one is a natural product found in Thevetia peruviana and Thevetia neriifolia with data available.


**Response:** The given molecule is a complex natural product with a highly intricate structure, characterized by multiple stereocenters and a spirocyclic framework. Let's break down its chemical properties based on its structural features:

1. **Spirocyclic Structure**: The molecule contains a spiro[5-oxapentacyclo] system, which indicates a spirocyclic arrangement where two rings are connected through a single shared atom. This structural feature often imparts rigidity and can influence the molecule's three-dimensional shape, potentially affecting its interaction with biological targets.

2. **Hydroxyl Groups**: The presence of multiple hydroxyl groups (notably on the oxane ring and the main framework) suggests that the molecule is capable of forming hydrogen bonds. This can enhance its solubility in polar solvents and influence its interaction with biological molecules, such as enzymes or receptors, through hydrogen bonding.

3. **Methoxy and Methyl Groups**: The methoxy group on the oxane ring and the methyl group contribute to the molecule's hydrophobic character. These groups can affect the molecule's overall lipophilicity, which is important for its ability to cross cell membranes and its distribution within biological systems.

4. **Oxane Ring**: The oxane ring, which is a six-membered cyclic ether, is part of the glycosidic linkage in the molecule. This feature is common in natural products and can play a role in the molecule's stability and reactivity, as well as its potential biological activity.

5. **Ketone Group**: The presence of a ketone group in the structure introduces a site for potential chemical reactivity, such as nucleophilic addition reactions. This functional group can also participate in hydrogen bonding, influencing the molecule's interaction with other chemical entities.

6. **Chirality**: The molecule has numerous chiral centers, which means it can exist in multiple stereoisomeric forms. The specific stereochemistry is crucial for its biological activity, as it can determine the molecule's fit and interaction with chiral environments, such as enzyme active sites or receptor binding pockets.

Overall, the given molecule's chemical properties are largely influenced by its spirocyclic framework, hydroxyl and methoxy groups, and the presence of multiple chiral centers. These features contribute to its potential biological activity and its role as a natural product found in Cerbera manghas.

---

## Molecule 38

**SMILES:** CC1=C2[C@H](C(=O)[C@@]3([C@H](C[C@H]4[C@]([C@H]3[C@@H]([C@](C2(C)C)(C[C@@H]1OC(=O)[C@@H]([C@H](C5=CC=CC=C5)NC(=O)C6=CC=CC=C6)O)O)OC(=O)C7=CC=CC=C7)(CO4)OC(=O)C)O)C)OC(=O)C.C(CC(=O)O)[C@@H](C(=O)O)N

**IUPAC Name:** (2S)-2-aminopentanedioic acid;[(1R,2S,3R,4S,7S,9S,10S,12R,15S)-4,12-diacetyloxy-15-[(2R,3S)-3-benzamido-2-hydroxy-3-phenylpropanoyl]oxy-1,9-dihydroxy-10,14,17,17-tetramethyl-11-oxo-6-oxatetracyclo[11.3.1.03,10.04,7]heptadec-13-en-2-yl] benzoate

**Description:** Paclitaxel Poliglumex is the agent paclitaxel linked to a biodegradable, water-soluble polyglutamate polymer with antineoplastic properties. The polyglutamate residue increases the water solubility of paclitaxel and allows delivery of higher doses than those achievable with paclitaxel alone. Paclitaxel promotes microtubule assembly and prevents microtubule depolymerization, thus interfering with normal mitosis.


**Response:** The given molecule is a complex natural product with a highly intricate structure, characteristic of compounds derived from natural sources like plants. It is a derivative of a class of compounds known as diterpenoids, which are often found in the genus Taxus, such as in the yew tree.

### Chemical Properties:

1. **Polycyclic Structure**: The molecule features a tetracyclic core, which contributes to its rigidity and stability. This polycyclic framework is typical of many bioactive natural products, providing a scaffold that can interact with biological targets.

2. **Functional Groups**:
   - **Acetoxy Groups**: The presence of diacetyloxy groups indicates ester functionalities, which can undergo hydrolysis under acidic or basic conditions. These groups can also influence the solubility and permeability of the molecule.
   - **Benzamido Group**: This amide linkage is a common feature in bioactive molecules, contributing to hydrogen bonding capabilities, which can enhance binding affinity to biological targets.
   - **Hydroxy Groups**: The presence of multiple hydroxy groups increases the molecule's polarity and potential for hydrogen bonding, affecting its solubility and reactivity.
   - **Carbonyl Groups**: The oxo group (ketone) and the benzoate ester contribute to the molecule's electrophilic character, making it reactive towards nucleophiles.

3. **Stereochemistry**: The molecule has several chiral centers, which are crucial for its biological activity. The specific stereochemistry can significantly influence the molecule's interaction with enzymes and receptors, often dictating its pharmacological properties.

4. **Aromaticity**: The benzoate moiety introduces aromaticity, which can contribute to π-π interactions with aromatic amino acids in proteins, potentially enhancing binding interactions.

5. **Natural Product Characteristics**: As a natural product, the molecule is likely to have evolved to interact with specific biological targets, often resulting in potent biological activity. This is consistent with its origin from Taxus species, which are known for producing compounds with significant pharmacological effects, such as taxanes used in cancer treatment.

Overall, the given molecule's complex structure, with its array of functional groups and stereochemistry, suggests it has significant potential for biological activity, likely contributing to its role as a natural product with medicinal properties.

---

## Molecule 39

**SMILES:** CCN1C[C@@]2(CC[C@@H]([C@@]34[C@@H]2C[C@@H]([C@H]31)[C@]56[C@H]4C[C@@H]([C@H](C5)C(=C)[C@H]6O)OC(=O)C)O)C

**IUPAC Name:** [(1R,2R,4S,5R,7R,8R,9R,10R,13R,16S,17R)-11-ethyl-7,16-dihydroxy-13-methyl-6-methylidene-11-azahexacyclo[7.7.2.15,8.01,10.02,8.013,17]nonadecan-4-yl] acetate

**Description:** [(1R,2R,4S,5R,7R,8R,9R,10R,13R,16S,17R)-11-ethyl-7,16-dihydroxy-13-methyl-6-methylidene-11-azahexacyclo[7. 7. 2. 15,8. 01,10. 02,8. 013,17]nonadecan-4-yl] acetate is a natural product found in Aconitum barbatum and Aconitum karakolicum with data available.


**Response:** The given molecule is a complex natural product with a highly intricate structure, characterized by multiple chiral centers and a hexacyclic framework. This structure is indicative of a diterpenoid alkaloid, which is a class of compounds known for their biological activity.

### Chemical Properties:

1. **Chirality and Stereochemistry:**
   - The molecule has several chiral centers, as indicated by the stereochemical descriptors (R and S). This chirality is crucial for its biological activity, as the specific 3D arrangement of atoms can significantly influence how the molecule interacts with biological targets.

2. **Functional Groups:**
   - **Hydroxyl Groups:** The presence of two hydroxyl groups contributes to the molecule's polarity and potential for hydrogen bonding. This can affect its solubility in water and its interaction with other molecules, such as enzymes or receptors.
   - **Acetate Ester:** The acetate group is an ester functional group, which can undergo hydrolysis under acidic or basic conditions. This functional group may also influence the molecule's lipophilicity and its ability to cross cell membranes.

3. **Cyclic Structure:**
   - The hexacyclic framework is rigid and complex, which can affect the molecule's conformational flexibility. This rigidity can enhance the specificity of binding to biological targets, as the molecule maintains a consistent shape that can fit into specific binding sites.

4. **Methyl and Ethyl Substituents:**
   - The presence of methyl and ethyl groups contributes to the hydrophobic character of the molecule. These groups can influence the molecule's interaction with lipid membranes and its overall solubility in non-polar solvents.

5. **Biological Activity:**
   - As a natural product found in Aconitum species, the given molecule is likely to exhibit potent biological activities, such as neurotoxicity or cardiotoxicity, which are common among diterpenoid alkaloids. These properties are often due to the molecule's ability to interact with ion channels or receptors in the nervous system.

Overall, the given molecule's chemical properties are largely dictated by its complex stereochemistry, functional groups, and rigid cyclic structure, all of which contribute to its biological activity and potential therapeutic or toxic effects.

---

## Molecule 40

**SMILES:** COC1=CC=C(C=C1)C2=CC(=O)C3=C(C(=C(C(=C3O2)OC)OC)OC)O

**IUPAC Name:** 5-hydroxy-6,7,8-trimethoxy-2-(4-methoxyphenyl)chromen-4-one

**Description:** Gardenin B is a tetramethoxyflavone that is tangeretin in which the methoxy group at position 5 has been replaced by a hydroxy group. It has a role as a plant metabolite. It is a tetramethoxyflavone and a monohydroxyflavone. It is functionally related to a tangeretin. Gardenin B is a natural product found in Citrus tankan, Chromolaena odorata, and other organisms with data available.


**Response:** The given molecule is a flavonoid, specifically a flavone, which is characterized by its chromen-4-one backbone. This structure is a derivative of the flavone skeleton, which is a type of polyphenolic compound. The presence of multiple methoxy groups and a hydroxy group on the chromen-4-one ring significantly influences its chemical properties.

The methoxy groups, which are ether functional groups, contribute to the molecule's hydrophobic character and can affect its solubility in organic solvents. These groups also play a role in the molecule's ability to participate in hydrogen bonding and van der Waals interactions, which can influence its biological activity and interaction with enzymes or receptors.

The hydroxy group on the chromen-4-one ring is a polar functional group that can form hydrogen bonds, increasing the molecule's solubility in polar solvents like water. This group can also act as a site for further chemical reactions, such as esterification or etherification, and can influence the molecule's antioxidant properties by donating hydrogen atoms to neutralize free radicals.

The presence of a methoxyphenyl group attached to the chromen-4-one structure adds to the molecule's aromatic character, enhancing its stability through resonance. This aromaticity can also contribute to the molecule's ability to absorb UV light, which is a common property of flavonoids and is related to their role in plant pigmentation and protection against UV radiation.

Overall, the given molecule's chemical properties, such as solubility, reactivity, and interaction with biological systems, are largely determined by its methoxy and hydroxy functional groups and its aromatic structure. These properties make it an interesting compound for study in natural product chemistry and potential applications in pharmacology.

---

## Molecule 41

**SMILES:** CC(=O)OC[C@@H]1[C@H]([C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H](O1)O[C@]23C[C@@H]4[C@]2([C@@H]5O[C@]3(C[C@]4(O5)O)C)COC(=O)C6=CC=CC=C6)O)O)O

**IUPAC Name:** [(1R,2S,3R,5R,6R,8S)-3-[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-6-(acetyloxymethyl)-3,4,5-trihydroxyoxan-2-yl]oxy-6-hydroxy-8-methyl-9,10-dioxatetracyclo[4.3.1.02,5.03,8]decan-2-yl]methyl benzoate

**Description:** 6'-O-acetylpaeoniflorin is a semisynthetic monoterpene glycoside obtained by acetylation of the 6'-position of the natural product paeoniflorin. It has a role as an anti-inflammatory agent and an anti-allergic agent. It is a beta-D-glucoside, a bridged compound, a cyclic acetal, a lactol, a monoterpene glycoside, a benzoate ester, an acetate ester, an O-acyl carbohydrate and a semisynthetic derivative. It is functionally related to a paeoniflorin.


**Response:** The given molecule is a complex natural product with a multifaceted structure, which contributes to its unique chemical properties. It is derived from Paeonia lactiflora, a plant known for its medicinal properties.

### Structural Features and Chemical Properties:

1. **Glycosidic Linkage:**
   - The molecule contains a glycosidic linkage, as indicated by the presence of a sugar moiety (oxan-2-yl group) attached to the rest of the structure. This linkage is crucial for solubility and bioavailability, as it enhances the molecule's ability to interact with biological systems.

2. **Acetyloxy Group:**
   - The presence of an acetyloxy group (an ester functional group) contributes to the molecule's reactivity. This group can undergo hydrolysis, which is a common metabolic pathway, potentially releasing acetic acid and the corresponding alcohol.

3. **Hydroxyl Groups:**
   - The molecule has multiple hydroxyl groups, which are polar and can form hydrogen bonds. This increases the molecule's solubility in water and its ability to interact with other polar molecules, such as proteins and enzymes.

4. **Tetracyclic Core:**
   - The core structure is a tetracyclic system, which is rigid and contributes to the molecule's stability. This rigidity can affect how the molecule fits into biological receptors, influencing its biological activity.

5. **Benzoate Ester:**
   - The benzoate ester group is another site for potential hydrolysis. This group can also participate in π-π interactions due to the aromatic ring, which may play a role in the molecule's interaction with aromatic amino acids in proteins.

6. **Chirality:**
   - The molecule has several chiral centers, which means it can exist in multiple stereoisomeric forms. The specific stereochemistry is crucial for its biological activity, as different isomers can have vastly different effects in biological systems.

### Biological Implications:

- The combination of these structural features suggests that the given molecule may have significant biological activity, potentially contributing to the therapeutic effects of Paeonia lactiflora. The presence of multiple functional groups allows for diverse interactions with biological targets, which could explain its role in traditional medicine.

Overall, the chemical properties of the given molecule are largely dictated by its complex structure, which includes multiple functional groups and a rigid tetracyclic core, contributing to its solubility, reactivity, and biological activity.

---

## Molecule 42

**SMILES:** COC1=CC(=C(C=C1Cl)OC)Cl

**IUPAC Name:** 1,4-dichloro-2,5-dimethoxybenzene

**Description:** Chloroneb appears as white to tan solid or beige powder. Musty odor. (NTP, 1992) Chloroneb is a dimethoxybenzene that is p-dimethoxybenzene which is substituted by chlorines at positions 2 and 5. A fungicide formerly used as a seed treatment, it is not approved for use in the European Union. It has a role as an antifungal agrochemical. It is a dimethoxybenzene, a dichlorobenzene and an aromatic fungicide. Chloroneb (1,4-dichloro-2,5-dimethoxybenzene) is a chlorinated dimethoxybenzene. It is used as a fungicide and is currently registered for use on a wide variety of food crops but is primarily used for pre-plant cottonseed treatment as well as on commercial turf and ornamentals. The markets for chloroneb seed treatment uses include: sugar beets, soybeans, cotton, and beans. Chloroneb has been shown to have low dermal, oral and inhalation toxicity. It is classified as Toxicity Category IV for oral ingestion, dermal toxicity, and inhalation toxicity, and Toxicity Category III for eye irritation. Chloroneb is a dermal sensitizer.


**Response:** The given molecule is a derivative of benzene, specifically a dichloro-dimethoxybenzene. Its structure consists of a benzene ring, which is a six-carbon aromatic ring known for its stability due to resonance. The benzene ring in the given molecule is substituted with two chlorine atoms and two methoxy groups.

The presence of the chlorine atoms at positions 1 and 4 on the benzene ring introduces electron-withdrawing effects due to the high electronegativity of chlorine. This can influence the electron density of the benzene ring, potentially affecting its reactivity. Chlorine atoms can also participate in halogen bonding, which can influence the molecule's interactions with other substances.

The methoxy groups, attached at positions 2 and 6, are electron-donating groups due to the presence of the oxygen atom, which can donate electron density through resonance. This electron donation can enhance the electron density of the benzene ring, making it more reactive towards electrophilic aromatic substitution reactions. The methoxy groups can also engage in hydrogen bonding and dipole-dipole interactions due to the presence of the oxygen atom.

Overall, the given molecule's chemical properties are influenced by the interplay between the electron-withdrawing chlorine atoms and the electron-donating methoxy groups. This balance can affect its solubility, boiling point, and reactivity, making it an interesting compound for various chemical applications.

---

## Molecule 43

**SMILES:** C[C@H]1[C@@H](C[C@H]([C@@H](O1)O[C@H](C)CCCCCCC(=O)O)O)O

**IUPAC Name:** (8R)-8-[(2R,3R,5R,6S)-3,5-dihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxynonanoic acid

**Description:** Ascr#10 is an (omega-1)-hydroxy fatty acid ascaroside obtained by formal condensation of the alcoholic hydroxy group of (8R)-8-hydroxynonanoic acid with ascarylopyranose (the alpha anomer). A metabolite of the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans, it is the direct biosynthetic precursor to ascr#3. It has also been detected in the sour paste nematode, Panagrellus redivivus. It has a role as a Caenorhabditis elegans metabolite. It is a monocarboxylic acid and an (omega-1)-hydroxy fatty acid ascaroside. It is functionally related to an (8R)-8-hydroxynonanoic acid. It is a conjugate acid of an ascr#10(1-).


**Response:** The given molecule is a complex organic compound that features several functional groups contributing to its chemical properties. It is a derivative of octanoic acid, which is a medium-chain fatty acid. The presence of the carboxylic acid group (-COOH) at one end of the molecule imparts acidic properties, allowing it to participate in typical acid-base reactions, such as forming esters or salts.

The molecule also contains a sugar-like moiety, specifically a modified oxane ring, which is a six-membered cyclic ether. This part of the structure includes hydroxyl groups (-OH) and a methyl group (-CH3), which are characteristic of carbohydrates. The hydroxyl groups contribute to the molecule's hydrophilicity and can engage in hydrogen bonding, affecting its solubility and reactivity. The stereochemistry indicated by the R and S configurations at various chiral centers suggests that the molecule is chiral, which can influence its interaction with biological systems, potentially affecting its bioactivity and metabolism.

The ether linkage between the octanoic acid and the oxane ring suggests that the molecule could be relatively stable, as ethers are generally less reactive than alcohols or esters. However, the presence of the hydroxyl groups and the carboxylic acid group can make the molecule reactive under certain conditions, such as in esterification or dehydration reactions.

Overall, the given molecule's chemical properties are shaped by its functional groups and stereochemistry, which influence its solubility, reactivity, and potential biological activity.

---

## Molecule 44

**SMILES:** C[C@H]1[C@H]([C@H]([C@H]([C@H](O1)OP(=O)([O-])OP(=O)([O-])OC[C@@H]2[C@H]([C@H]([C@@H](O2)N3C=CC(=O)NC3=O)O)O)NC(=O)C)O)O

**IUPAC Name:** [(2R,3R,4S,5S,6S)-3-acetamido-4,5-dihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl] [[(2R,3S,4R,5R)-5-(2,4-dioxopyrimidin-1-yl)-3,4-dihydroxyoxolan-2-yl]methoxy-oxidophosphoryl] phosphate

**Description:** UDP-2-acetamido-2,6-dideoxy-beta-L-talose(2-) is dianion of UDP-N-acetyl-6-deoxy-beta-L-talosamine arising from deprotonation of both free diphosphate OH groups; major species at pH 7. 3. It is a conjugate base of an UDP-2-acetamido-2,6-dideoxy-beta-L-talose.


**Response:** The given molecule is a complex nucleotide-sugar oxoanion, specifically a UDP-N-acetyl-alpha-D-galactosamine(3-). This molecule is derived from UDP-N-acetyl-alpha-D-galactosamine and exists as a trianion due to the deprotonation of its diphosphate and phosphate groups. 

### Chemical Properties:

1. **Acid-Base Properties:**
   - The given molecule is a trianion, meaning it has lost three protons, which is typical for molecules that contain phosphate groups. The presence of multiple phosphate groups contributes to its acidic nature, allowing it to donate protons and form a stable anion at physiological pH (around 7.3).

2. **Solubility:**
   - The presence of multiple hydroxyl groups and phosphate groups increases the molecule's hydrophilicity, making it highly soluble in water. This is typical for nucleotide sugars, which are often involved in aqueous biological environments.

3. **Structural Features:**
   - The molecule contains a sugar moiety, specifically a galactosamine derivative, which is a hexose sugar with an acetamido group. This acetamido group can participate in hydrogen bonding, influencing the molecule's interactions with other biomolecules.
   - The oxan ring structure indicates a six-membered cyclic ether, which is a common feature in sugars, contributing to the molecule's stability and reactivity.

4. **Functional Groups:**
   - The acetamido group provides an amide linkage, which is relatively stable and can engage in hydrogen bonding, affecting the molecule's conformation and interactions.
   - The diphosphate group is highly reactive and can participate in phosphorylation reactions, which are crucial in metabolic pathways involving sugar modifications.

5. **Biological Role:**
   - As a nucleotide sugar, the given molecule is likely involved in glycosylation processes, where it acts as a donor of the galactosamine moiety to glycoproteins and glycolipids. The trianionic form is particularly relevant in enzymatic reactions where it participates as a substrate or intermediate.

6. **Stereochemistry:**
   - The stereochemistry, indicated by the R and S configurations, is crucial for the molecule's biological function. The specific 3D arrangement of atoms ensures that the molecule can fit into enzyme active sites and interact correctly with other biomolecules.

Overall, the given molecule's chemical properties are largely dictated by its phosphate groups, sugar moiety, and acetamido group, which together define its role in biological systems as a donor of sugar units in glycosylation processes.

---

## Molecule 45

**SMILES:** C(C(C(=O)O)N)C(=O)O

**IUPAC Name:** 2-aminobutanedioic acid

**Description:** Aspartic acid is an alpha-amino acid that consists of succinic acid bearing a single alpha-amino substituent It has a role as a fundamental metabolite. It is an alpha-amino acid, a C4-dicarboxylic acid and a polar amino acid. It contains a carboxymethyl group. It is a conjugate acid of an aspartate(1-) and an aspartate. One of the non-essential amino acids commonly occurring in the L-form. It is found in animals and plants, especially in sugar cane and sugar beets. It may be a neurotransmitter.


**Response:** The given molecule, commonly known as aspartic acid, is an alpha-amino acid characterized by the presence of both an amino group and a carboxylic acid group attached to the same carbon atom, known as the alpha carbon. This structure is typical of amino acids, which are the building blocks of proteins.

In the given molecule, the amino group is located on the alpha carbon, and the carboxylic acid group is also attached to this central carbon. Additionally, the molecule has a second carboxylic acid group attached to the beta carbon, which is one carbon away from the alpha carbon. This second carboxylic acid group is what distinguishes aspartic acid from other amino acids like alanine, which have only one carboxylic acid group.

The presence of these two carboxylic acid groups makes the given molecule a dicarboxylic amino acid, contributing to its acidic properties. The acidic nature is due to the ability of the carboxylic acid groups to donate protons (H+ ions) in aqueous solutions, which is a key feature in its role as a conjugate acid. This property is important for its function in biological systems, as it can participate in various biochemical reactions, including acting as a neurotransmitter and being involved in the urea cycle.

The given molecule is also a non-proteinogenic amino acid, meaning it is not directly incorporated into proteins during translation. However, it plays a significant role in metabolism and is involved in the biosynthesis of other amino acids. Its ability to act as a conjugate acid and base makes it versatile in biochemical pathways, where it can donate or accept protons, influencing the pH and participating in metabolic reactions.

Overall, the structural features of the given molecule, such as the presence of two carboxylic acid groups and the alpha-amino group, define its chemical properties, including its acidity, solubility in water, and role in metabolic processes.

---

## Molecule 46

**SMILES:** CC[C@@H](C)C(=O)O[C@H]1[C@@H]([C@H]2[C@@H](CN3C[C@H](CC[C@H]3[C@@]2(C)O)C)[C@H]4[C@@]1([C@@H]5[C@@H](C[C@H]6[C@]7([C@]5(C4)O[C@@]6([C@H](CC7)OC(=O)[C@](C)(CC)O)O)C)OC(=O)C)O)O

**IUPAC Name:** [(1S,2S,6S,9S,10S,11R,12R,13S,14S,15S,16R,18S,19S,22S,23S,25R)-16-acetyloxy-10,12,14,23-tetrahydroxy-6,10,19-trimethyl-13-[(2R)-2-methylbutanoyl]oxy-24-oxa-4-azaheptacyclo[12.12.0.02,11.04,9.015,25.018,23.019,25]hexacosan-22-yl] (2S)-2-hydroxy-2-methylbutanoate

**Description:** [(1S,2S,6S,9S,10S,11R,12R,13S,14S,15S,16R,18S,19S,22S,23S,25R)-16-acetyloxy-10,12,14,23-tetrahydroxy-6,10,19-trimethyl-13-[(2R)-2-methylbutanoyl]oxy-24-oxa-4-azaheptacyclo[12. 12. 0. 02,11. 04,9. 015,25. 018,23. 019,25]hexacosan-22-yl] (2S)-2-hydroxy-2-methylbutanoate is a natural product found in Veratrum viride with data available.


**Response:** The given molecule is a complex natural product with a highly intricate structure, characterized by multiple stereocenters and functional groups. It is found in Veratrum album, a plant known for its bioactive compounds.

### Chemical Properties:

1. **Stereochemistry**: The molecule has numerous chiral centers, which significantly influence its three-dimensional shape and, consequently, its interaction with biological targets. The specific configuration of these centers is crucial for its biological activity and specificity.

2. **Functional Groups**:
   - **Acetyloxy Group**: The presence of an acetyloxy group suggests that the molecule can undergo hydrolysis to release acetic acid, which may play a role in its metabolic stability and solubility.
   - **Dihydroxy Groups**: The presence of multiple hydroxyl groups indicates potential for hydrogen bonding, which can affect solubility in water and interaction with other molecules, such as proteins or enzymes.
   - **Trimethyl Groups**: These groups contribute to the hydrophobic character of the molecule, influencing its solubility and membrane permeability.
   - **Ester Linkages**: The molecule contains ester linkages, which are susceptible to hydrolysis. This property is important for its metabolic breakdown and bioavailability.

3. **Cyclic Structure**: The molecule features a heptacyclic framework, which is rigid and contributes to its structural stability. This rigidity can affect how the molecule fits into biological receptors, influencing its pharmacological activity.

4. **Oxygen and Nitrogen Atoms**: The presence of oxygen and nitrogen atoms in the cyclic structure suggests potential sites for hydrogen bonding and dipole interactions, which can be critical for binding to biological targets.

5. **Methylbutanoyl Group**: This group adds to the lipophilicity of the molecule, which can affect its ability to cross cell membranes and its distribution within the body.

Overall, the given molecule's complex structure, with its multiple functional groups and stereochemistry, suggests it has specific interactions with biological systems, which is typical for natural products with medicinal properties. Its solubility, stability, and bioavailability are influenced by these structural features, making it a compound of interest in pharmacological studies.

---

## Molecule 47

**SMILES:** C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2([C@H]([C@H]3[C@@H](O2)C[C@H]4[C@@]3(CC[C@H]5[C@H]4CC=C6[C@@]5(CC[C@@H](C6)O[C@H]7[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O7)CO)O)O)O[C@H]8[C@@H]([C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H](O8)C)O)O)O)C)C)C)OC1

**IUPAC Name:** (2S,3R,4R,5R,6S)-2-[(2R,3R,4S,5S,6R)-4,5-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-2-[(1S,2R,4S,5'R,6R,7S,8R,9S,12S,13R,16S)-5',7,9,13-tetramethylspiro[5-oxapentacyclo[10.8.0.02,9.04,8.013,18]icos-18-ene-6,2'-oxane]-16-yl]oxyoxan-3-yl]oxy-6-methyloxane-3,4,5-triol

**Description:** (2S,3R,4R,5R,6S)-2-[(2R,3R,4S,5S,6R)-4,5-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-2-[(1S,2R,4S,5'R,6R,7S,8R,9S,12S,13R,16S)-5',7,9,13-tetramethylspiro[5-oxapentacyclo[10. 8. 0. 02,9. 04,8. 013,18]icos-18-ene-6,2'-oxane]-16-yl]oxyoxan-3-yl]oxy-6-methyloxane-3,4,5-triol is a natural product found in Dioscorea collettii and Dioscorea collettii var. hypoglauca with data available.


**Response:** The given molecule is a complex natural product with a highly intricate structure, characterized by multiple stereocenters and functional groups. It is a glycoside, as indicated by the presence of sugar moieties in its structure. The molecule contains several hydroxyl groups, which are indicative of its potential for hydrogen bonding. This can significantly influence its solubility in water and its interaction with biological molecules.

The presence of a spirocyclic structure, specifically a spiro[oxane] system, suggests a rigid and possibly strained conformation. This rigidity can affect the molecule's reactivity and its ability to interact with enzymes or receptors in biological systems.

The molecule also features a polycyclic framework, which is typical of many natural products and can contribute to its biological activity. The polycyclic structure may enhance the molecule's ability to fit into specific biological targets, such as enzymes or receptors, due to its defined three-dimensional shape.

The presence of multiple methyl groups in the structure can increase the molecule's hydrophobic character, which may influence its partitioning between aqueous and lipid environments in biological systems. This can affect its bioavailability and distribution within an organism.

Overall, the given molecule's chemical properties, such as solubility, reactivity, and biological activity, are largely influenced by its stereochemistry, functional groups, and complex polycyclic structure. These features make it a molecule of interest in natural product chemistry and potential pharmacological applications.

---

## Molecule 48

**SMILES:** CCCCCCCC/C=C\CCCCCCCC(=O)O[C@H](COC(=O)CCCCCCC/C=C\CCCCCC)COP(=O)([O-])OCC[N+](C)(C)C

**IUPAC Name:** [(2R)-3-[(Z)-hexadec-9-enoyl]oxy-2-[(Z)-octadec-9-enoyl]oxypropyl] 2-(trimethylazaniumyl)ethyl phosphate

**Description:** 1-[(9Z)-hexadecenoyl]-2-[(9Z)-octadecenoyl]-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine is a phosphatidylcholine 34:2 in which the 1- and 2-acyl groups are specified as (9Z)-hexadecenoyl (palmitoleoyl) and (9Z)-octadecenoyl (oleoyl) respectively. It has a role as a mouse metabolite. It is functionally related to an oleic acid and a palmitoleic acid. PC(16:1(9Z)/18:1(9Z)) is a metabolite found in or produced by Saccharomyces cerevisiae.


**Response:** The given molecule is a type of phospholipid known as a phosphatidylcholine, specifically a 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine. This molecule consists of a glycerol backbone esterified with two fatty acid chains and a phosphocholine head group.

### Chemical Properties:

1. **Amphipathic Nature:**
   - The molecule has both hydrophobic and hydrophilic regions. The fatty acid chains are hydrophobic, while the phosphocholine head group is hydrophilic. This amphipathic nature is crucial for forming lipid bilayers, which are fundamental components of cell membranes.

2. **Fatty Acid Composition:**
   - The first fatty acid chain is a hexadecenoic acid with a double bond at the 9th position, indicating a monounsaturated fatty acid. This unsaturation introduces a kink in the chain, affecting the fluidity of the lipid bilayer.
   - The second fatty acid chain is a tetradecenoic acid with a double bond at the 9th position, also a monounsaturated fatty acid. The presence of these double bonds can influence the melting temperature and the packing of the lipid molecules.

3. **Stereochemistry:**
   - The stereochemistry at the glycerol backbone is specified as'sn', indicating the specific configuration of the ester linkages. This stereochemistry is important for the biological function and recognition by enzymes.

4. **Phosphocholine Head Group:**
   - The phosphocholine group is zwitterionic, meaning it carries both positive and negative charges at physiological pH. This charge distribution is essential for interactions with other biomolecules and contributes to the stability of the lipid bilayer.

5. **Biological Role:**
   - As a metabolite in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, the given molecule plays a role in membrane structure and function. It can be involved in signaling pathways and acts as a reservoir for secondary messengers.

6. **Solubility:**
   - Due to its amphipathic nature, the molecule is soluble in both organic solvents and aqueous environments to a certain extent, depending on the pH and ionic strength.

Overall, the structural features of the given molecule, such as the unsaturated fatty acid chains and the zwitterionic head group, contribute to its role in biological membranes and its chemical properties.

---

## Molecule 49

**SMILES:** COC1=C(C=CC(=C1)C=O)O[C@H]2[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O2)CO)O)O)O

**IUPAC Name:** 3-methoxy-4-[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxybenzaldehyde

**Description:** Glucovanillin is a glycoside. Glucovanillin is a natural product found in Dendrobium moniliforme, Stereospermum cylindricum, and other organisms with data available.


**Response:** The given molecule is a derivative of vanillin, which is a well-known aromatic compound. The structure of the given molecule includes a benzaldehyde group, which is characterized by an aldehyde functional group attached to a benzene ring. This contributes to the molecule's aromatic properties and potential reactivity, particularly in electrophilic aromatic substitution reactions.

The methoxy group attached to the benzene ring is an electron-donating group, which can increase the electron density of the aromatic ring, making it more reactive towards electrophiles. This can influence the molecule's solubility and interaction with other chemical species.

Additionally, the molecule features a glycosidic linkage to a beta-D-glucopyranosyl moiety. This sugar component is a hexose with multiple hydroxyl groups, which significantly enhances the molecule's hydrophilicity. The presence of this sugar moiety can affect the solubility of the molecule in water and its interaction with biological systems, such as enzymes and receptors.

The stereochemistry of the sugar moiety is specified, indicating that it is a specific stereoisomer. This stereochemistry is crucial for the molecule's biological activity, as it can influence how the molecule interacts with biological targets.

Overall, the given molecule combines the aromatic properties of vanillin with the hydrophilic characteristics of a sugar moiety, resulting in a compound with unique solubility and reactivity profiles. This combination can affect its role as a natural product in biological systems, such as its presence in Hydrangea macrophylla.

---

## Molecule 50

**SMILES:** C1=CC(=C(C=C1O)O)O

**IUPAC Name:** benzene-1,2,4-triol

**Description:** Benzene-1,2,4-triol is a benzenetriol carrying hydroxy groups at positions 1, 2 and 4. It has a role as a mouse metabolite. 1,2,4-Benzenetriol is a natural product found in Mus musculus, Coffea arabica, and other organisms with data available.


**Response:** The given molecule is a type of phenol, characterized by a benzene ring with three hydroxyl groups attached to it. These hydroxyl groups are positioned at the 1, 2, and 4 positions on the benzene ring, which is a common arrangement in aromatic compounds known as a 1,2,4-triol.

The presence of hydroxyl groups imparts several important chemical properties to the given molecule. Firstly, these groups make the molecule highly polar, which increases its solubility in water compared to non-polar aromatic compounds. The hydroxyl groups can form hydrogen bonds with water molecules, enhancing solubility.

The hydroxyl groups also make the given molecule a weak acid. They can donate hydrogen ions (protons) in solution, which is a characteristic property of phenols. This acidic property is due to the ability of the hydroxyl groups to release hydrogen ions, forming phenoxide ions.

Furthermore, the hydroxyl groups contribute to the molecule's reactivity. They can participate in various chemical reactions, such as esterification and etherification, due to their nucleophilic nature. The electron-donating effect of the hydroxyl groups also activates the benzene ring, making it more susceptible to electrophilic aromatic substitution reactions.

Overall, the given molecule's structure, with its three hydroxyl groups, defines its chemical properties, including polarity, acidity, and reactivity, which are significant in both its natural occurrence and potential applications.

---

## Molecule 51

**SMILES:** COC1=CC(=CC(=C1O)OC)[C@H]2[C@@H]3CO[C@H]([C@@H]3CO2)C4=CC(=C(C(=C4)OC)OC)OC

**IUPAC Name:** 4-[(3R,3aS,6R,6aS)-6-(3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl)-1,3,3a,4,6,6a-hexahydrofuro[3,4-c]furan-3-yl]-2,6-dimethoxyphenol

**Description:** (-)-(7R,7'R,8S,8'S)-4'-hydroxy-3,3',4,5,5'-pentamethoxy-7,9':7',9-diepoxylignane is a lignan that consists of tetrahydro-1H,3H-furo[3,4-c]furan substituted by 3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl and a 4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxyphenyl group at positions 4 and 1 respectively. It has been isolated from the stems of Sinocalamus affinis. It has a role as a plant metabolite. It is a lignan, a member of methoxybenzenes, a member of phenols and a furofuran. (-)-(7R,7'R,8S,8'S)-4'-hydroxy-3,3',4,5,5'-pentamethoxy-7,9':7',9-diepoxylignane is a natural product found in Bambusa emeiensis with data available.


**Response:** The given molecule is a complex natural product with a unique structural framework that contributes to its chemical properties. It features a furofuran core, which is a bicyclic structure consisting of two tetrahydrofuran rings fused together. This core is known for its rigidity and stability, which can influence the molecule's overall conformation and reactivity.

The presence of multiple methoxy groups, specifically on the phenyl rings and the furofuran core, significantly affects the molecule's chemical properties. Methoxy groups are electron-donating due to the lone pairs on the oxygen, which can enhance the electron density of the aromatic rings. This can increase the molecule's reactivity towards electrophilic aromatic substitution reactions and can also affect its solubility and interaction with biological targets.

Additionally, the hydroxyl group on the phenolic ring contributes to the molecule's polarity and potential for hydrogen bonding. This functional group can participate in various chemical reactions, such as esterification or etherification, and can also influence the molecule's solubility in polar solvents.

The stereochemistry of the given molecule, indicated by the specific configuration of the chiral centers, plays a crucial role in its biological activity. The spatial arrangement of these chiral centers can affect how the molecule interacts with biological receptors or enzymes, potentially influencing its pharmacological properties.

Overall, the combination of the furofuran core, methoxy groups, hydroxyl group, and specific stereochemistry endows the given molecule with unique chemical properties that can be exploited in natural product chemistry and potential therapeutic applications.

---

## Molecule 52

**SMILES:** CC(=CCC/C(=C/CC/C(=C/CC/C(=C/CC/C(=C/CC/C(=C/CC/C(=C/CC/C(=C/CC/C(=C/CC/C(=C/CC/C(=C/CC/C(=C/CC/C(=C/CC/C(=C/CC/C(=C/CC/C(=C/CC/C(=C/CC/C(=C/CC/C(=C/CC/C(=C/CC/C(=C/COP(=O)(O)OP(=O)(O)O)/C)/C)/C)/C)/C)/C)/C)/C)/C)/C)/C)/C)/C)/C)/C)/C)/C)/C)/C)/C)C

**IUPAC Name:** [(2E,6E,10E,14E,18E,22E,26E,30E,34E,38E,42E,46E,50E,54E,58E,62E,66E,70E,74E,78E)-3,7,11,15,19,23,27,31,35,39,43,47,51,55,59,63,67,71,75,79,83-henicosamethyltetraoctaconta-2,6,10,14,18,22,26,30,34,38,42,46,50,54,58,62,66,70,74,78,82-henicosaenyl] phosphono hydrogen phosphate

**Description:** Henicosaprenyl diphosphate is a polyprenol diphosphate compound having twenty-one prenyl units with undefined stereochemistry about the double bonds. It has a role as a Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite.


**Response:** The given molecule, known as undecaprenyl diphosphate, is a large and complex organic compound characterized by its extensive polyisoprenoid structure. This molecule is a diphosphate ester of undecaprenyl, which is a long chain of isoprene units. The structure consists of a series of repeating isoprene units, each contributing to the overall hydrophobic nature of the molecule. 

The presence of multiple isoprene units, specifically 11 in this case, indicates that the molecule is highly unsaturated, with numerous double bonds in a conjugated system. This conjugation can influence the molecule's chemical reactivity and stability, often making it susceptible to reactions such as oxidation or polymerization under certain conditions.

The diphosphate group at one end of the molecule introduces a polar, hydrophilic character, which is significant for its biological function. This group is crucial for the molecule's role in biological systems, particularly in the synthesis of glycoproteins and glycolipids, as it allows the molecule to interact with enzymes and other biomolecules.

The diphosphate group also makes the molecule an anion at physiological pH, which is reflected in its description as a major species at pH 7.3. This anionic form can participate in ionic interactions and is essential for its solubility and transport within biological membranes.

Overall, the given molecule's structure, with its long hydrophobic polyisoprenoid chain and a hydrophilic diphosphate head, allows it to play a critical role in cellular processes, particularly in the biosynthesis of cell wall components in bacteria and other organisms.

---

## Molecule 53

**SMILES:** C1[C@H]([C@H](OC(=O)C2=CC(=C(C(=C2C3=C(C(=C(C=C3C(=O)O1)O)O)O)O)O)O)[C@@H]4[C@@H]5[C@H](C6=C(C(=C(C(=C6C(=O)O5)C7=C(C(=C(C=C7C(=O)O4)O)O)O)O)O)O)C8=C(C(=C(C=C8C(=O)O[C@H]9[C@@H]([C@@H](O[C@@H]([C@@H]9OC(=O)C1=CC(=C(C(=C1)O)O)O)OC(=O)C1=CC(=C(C(=C1)O)O)O)COC(=O)C1=CC(=C(C(=C1)O)O)O)OC(=O)C1=CC(=C(C(=C1)O)O)O)O)O)O)O

**IUPAC Name:** [(2R,3R,4S,5R,6S)-2,3,5-tris[(3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoyl)oxy]-6-[(3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoyl)oxymethyl]oxan-4-yl] 2-[(14S,15S,19S)-14-[(10S,11R)-3,4,5,11,17,18,19-heptahydroxy-8,14-dioxo-9,13-dioxatricyclo[13.4.0.02,7]nonadeca-1(19),2,4,6,15,17-hexaen-10-yl]-2,3,4,7,8,9-hexahydroxy-12,17-dioxo-13,16-dioxatetracyclo[13.3.1.05,18.06,11]nonadeca-1,3,5(18),6,8,10-hexaen-19-yl]-3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoate

**Description:** [(2R,3R,4S,5R,6S)-2,3,5-tris[(3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoyl)oxy]-6-[(3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoyl)oxymethyl]oxan-4-yl] 2-[(14S,15S,19S)-14-[(10S,11R)-3,4,5,11,17,18,19-heptahydroxy-8,14-dioxo-9,13-dioxatricyclo[13. 4. 0. 02,7]nonadeca-1(19),2,4,6,15,17-hexaen-10-yl]-2,3,4,7,8,9-hexahydroxy-12,17-dioxo-13,16-dioxatetracyclo[13. 3. 1. 05,18. 06,11]nonadeca-1,3,5(18),6,8,10-hexaen-19-yl]-3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoate is a natural product found in Paeonia lactiflora with data available.


**Response:** The given molecule is a complex natural product with a highly intricate structure, characterized by multiple hydroxyl groups, ester linkages, and aromatic rings. This molecule is found in the plant Paeonia lactiflora and exhibits several notable chemical properties due to its structural features.

1. **Hydroxyl Groups**: The presence of numerous hydroxyl groups (–OH) throughout the molecule contributes to its high polarity and potential for hydrogen bonding. This can enhance its solubility in polar solvents like water and can also influence its reactivity, particularly in forming esters and ethers.

2. **Aromatic Rings**: The molecule contains several aromatic rings, which are known for their stability due to resonance. These rings can participate in π-π interactions and may contribute to the molecule's ability to interact with biological targets, potentially affecting its bioactivity.

3. **Ester Linkages**: The molecule features multiple ester linkages, which are formed between the hydroxyl groups and carboxylic acid derivatives. These ester bonds are susceptible to hydrolysis, which can be catalyzed by acids, bases, or enzymes, potentially leading to the breakdown of the molecule into its constituent parts.

4. **Chirality**: The molecule has several chiral centers, which means it can exist in multiple stereoisomeric forms. The specific stereochemistry can significantly influence the molecule's biological activity and interaction with chiral environments, such as enzymes or receptors.

5. **Tricyclic and Tetracyclic Structures**: The presence of tricyclic and tetracyclic structures within the molecule suggests a rigid and complex three-dimensional shape. This rigidity can affect how the molecule fits into biological targets, potentially enhancing its specificity and potency.

6. **Oxidation States**: The molecule contains multiple carbonyl groups (C=O), which are typically found in ketones and aldehydes. These groups can participate in redox reactions and may influence the molecule's reactivity and stability.

Overall, the given molecule's chemical properties are largely dictated by its hydroxyl groups, aromatic rings, ester linkages, chiral centers, and complex cyclic structures. These features contribute to its solubility, reactivity, and potential biological activity, making it an interesting subject for further chemical and pharmacological studies.

---

## Molecule 54

**SMILES:** CCC1=C[C@@H]2C[C@@](C3=C(CN(C2)C1)C4=CC=CC=C4N3)(C5=C(C=C6C(=C5)[C@]78CCN9[C@H]7[C@@](C=CC9)([C@H]([C@@]([C@@H]8N6C)(C(=O)OC)O)OC(=O)C)CC)OC)C(=O)OC

**IUPAC Name:** methyl (1R,9R,10S,11R,12R,19R)-11-acetyloxy-12-ethyl-4-[(12S,14S)-16-ethyl-12-methoxycarbonyl-1,10-diazatetracyclo[12.3.1.03,11.04,9]octadeca-3(11),4,6,8,15-pentaen-12-yl]-10-hydroxy-5-methoxy-8-methyl-8,16-diazapentacyclo[10.6.1.01,9.02,7.016,19]nonadeca-2,4,6,13-tetraene-10-carboxylate

**Description:** Vinorelbine is a semisynthetic vinca alkaloid. Vinorelbine binds to tubulin and prevents formation of the mitotic spindle, resulting in the arrest of tumor cell growth in metaphase. This agent may also interfere with amino acid, cyclic AMP. and glutathione metabolism; calmodulin-dependent Ca++ -transport ATPase activity; cellular respiration; and nucleic acid and lipid biosynthesis.


**Response:** The given molecule is a complex alkaloid that belongs to the vinca alkaloid class, specifically vinblastine. This molecule is characterized by its intricate polycyclic structure, which includes multiple fused rings and a variety of functional groups that contribute to its chemical properties and biological activity.

### Chemical Properties:

1. **Polycyclic Structure**: The given molecule has a highly complex polycyclic framework, which includes several interconnected rings. This structural complexity is typical of vinca alkaloids and contributes to their ability to interact with biological macromolecules, such as tubulin.

2. **Functional Groups**:
   - **Ester Groups**: The presence of ester groups, such as the methoxycarbonyl and acetyloxy groups, contributes to the molecule's solubility and reactivity. These groups can undergo hydrolysis under certain conditions, which may affect the molecule's stability and activity.
   - **Hydroxyl Group**: The hydroxyl group present in the structure can participate in hydrogen bonding, influencing the molecule's solubility and interaction with biological targets.
   - **Methoxy Groups**: The methoxy groups contribute to the molecule's lipophilicity, which can affect its ability to cross cell membranes and its overall pharmacokinetic properties.

3. **Chirality**: The given molecule has multiple chiral centers, which are crucial for its biological activity. The specific stereochemistry is essential for binding to its target, tubulin, and for exerting its antineoplastic effects.

4. **Basic Nitrogen Atoms**: The presence of nitrogen atoms in the structure classifies it as an alkaloid. These nitrogen atoms can participate in forming hydrogen bonds and ionic interactions, which are important for the molecule's binding affinity to its biological targets.

5. **Antineoplastic Activity**: The structural features of the given molecule, such as its ability to bind to tubulin and disrupt microtubule dynamics, are directly related to its antineoplastic activity. This disruption prevents the formation of the mitotic spindle, thereby inhibiting cell division and inducing apoptosis in rapidly dividing cancer cells.

6. **Toxicity**: The molecule's ability to interfere with microtubule function also contributes to its neurotoxicity, as similar interactions can occur in normal, rapidly dividing cells, such as those in the nervous system.

In summary, the given molecule's chemical properties are intricately linked to its polycyclic structure, functional groups, and stereochemistry, all of which play a crucial role in its biological activity as an antineoplastic agent.

---

## Molecule 55

**SMILES:** CCN1C[C@@]2(CC[C@@H]([C@@]34[C@@H]2[C@H]([C@@]([C@H]31)([C@@]5(C[C@H]([C@@H]6C[C@H]4[C@H]5[C@H]6O)OC)OC)O)OC)O)COC

**IUPAC Name:** (1S,2S,3S,4S,5R,6R,8S,9S,10S,13S,16S,17R,18R)-11-ethyl-6,8,18-trimethoxy-13-(methoxymethyl)-11-azahexacyclo[7.7.2.12,5.01,10.03,8.013,17]nonadecane-4,9,16-triol

**Description:** (1S,2S,3S,4S,5R,6R,8S,9S,10S,13S,16S,17R,18R)-11-ethyl-6,8,18-trimethoxy-13-(methoxymethyl)-11-azahexacyclo[7. 7. 2. 12,5. 01,10. 03,8. 013,17]nonadecane-4,9,16-triol is a natural product found in Delphinium carduchorum, Delphinium crispulum, and Delphinium grandiflorum with data available.


**Response:** The given molecule is a complex natural product with a hexacyclic structure, which means it contains six interconnected rings. This intricate framework contributes to its stability and unique chemical properties. The presence of multiple chiral centers, as indicated by the stereochemical descriptors, suggests that the molecule is chiral and exists in a specific three-dimensional configuration, which is crucial for its biological activity.

The molecule contains several functional groups that influence its chemical properties:

1. **Methoxy Groups**: The presence of three methoxy groups (methoxy substituents) contributes to the molecule's overall hydrophobic character, while also providing sites for potential hydrogen bonding interactions. These groups can affect the solubility and reactivity of the molecule.

2. **Triol Groups**: The presence of three hydroxyl groups (triol) indicates that the molecule is capable of forming hydrogen bonds, which can significantly influence its solubility in water and its interaction with biological molecules. These hydroxyl groups can also participate in various chemical reactions, such as esterification or etherification.

3. **Aza Group**: The inclusion of an aza group (a nitrogen atom within the ring system) introduces basicity to the molecule, allowing it to participate in acid-base reactions. This nitrogen atom can also serve as a site for protonation, which can affect the molecule's solubility and reactivity.

4. **Ethyl Group**: The ethyl substituent adds to the hydrophobic character of the molecule and can influence its overall shape and how it interacts with other molecules.

5. **Methoxymethyl Group**: This group adds to the complexity of the molecule, providing additional sites for potential chemical modifications or interactions.

Overall, the given molecule's chemical properties are defined by its complex polycyclic structure, the presence of multiple functional groups, and its stereochemistry. These features contribute to its potential biological activity and its role as a natural product found in certain plant species.

---

## Molecule 56

**SMILES:** C[C@@H]1[C@@H]([C@H](C2=CC(=C(C(=C2C3=C(C4=C(C=C3[C@@H]1O)OCO4)OC)OC)OC)OC)OC(=O)C)C

**IUPAC Name:** [(8R,9S,10R,11R)-11-hydroxy-3,4,5,19-tetramethoxy-9,10-dimethyl-15,17-dioxatetracyclo[10.7.0.02,7.014,18]nonadeca-1(19),2,4,6,12,14(18)-hexaen-8-yl] acetate

**Description:** Ananolignan E is a lignan with a dibenzocyclooctadiene skeleton isolated from Kadsura ananosma. It has a role as a metabolite and a plant metabolite. It is an acetate ester, an aromatic ether, a lignan, an organic heterotetracyclic compound, an oxacycle and a secondary alcohol.


**Response:** The given molecule is a complex natural product with a polycyclic structure, which is characteristic of many bioactive compounds found in plants. Its structure includes several key functional groups and features that contribute to its chemical properties:

1. **Polycyclic Framework**: The molecule has a tetracyclic core, which is a rigid and complex structure. This rigidity can influence the molecule's ability to interact with biological targets, often enhancing specificity and binding affinity.

2. **Methoxy Groups**: The presence of multiple methoxy groups (four in total) contributes to the molecule's hydrophobic character and can affect its solubility in organic solvents. These groups can also participate in hydrogen bonding and van der Waals interactions, which are important for molecular recognition processes.

3. **Hydroxy Group**: The hydroxy group is a polar functional group that can form hydrogen bonds, increasing the molecule's solubility in water and potentially enhancing its interaction with polar sites on biological targets.

4. **Acetate Ester**: The acetate group is an ester linkage that can be hydrolyzed under acidic or basic conditions. This functional group can influence the molecule's stability and its metabolic fate in biological systems, as esterases can cleave this bond to release the active alcohol form.

5. **Methyl Groups**: The presence of dimethyl groups adds to the hydrophobic character of the molecule and can influence its overall shape and steric properties, which are crucial for fitting into enzyme active sites or receptor binding pockets.

6. **Conjugated System**: The molecule contains a conjugated hexaene system, which can contribute to its electronic properties, such as UV absorption. This conjugation can also play a role in the molecule's reactivity and stability.

Overall, the given molecule's chemical properties are defined by its complex polycyclic structure, the presence of multiple functional groups, and its potential for specific interactions with biological targets. These features are typical of natural products that exhibit significant biological activity.

---

## Molecule 57

**SMILES:** C[C@@H]1CC[C@]2(CCCCO2)O[C@@H]1[C@@H](C)C[C@@H]([C@@H]3C(=C)[C@H]([C@H]4[C@H](O3)CC[C@]5(O4)CC[C@@H](O5)/C=C/[C@@H](C)[C@@H]6CC(=C[C@@]7(O6)[C@@H](CC[C@H](O7)C[C@](C)(C(=O)O)O)O)C)O)O

**IUPAC Name:** (2R)-3-[(2S,6R,8S,11R)-2-[(E,2R)-4-[(2S,2'R,4R,4aS,6R,8aR)-4-hydroxy-2-[(1S,3S)-1-hydroxy-3-[(2S,3R,6S)-3-methyl-1,7-dioxaspiro[5.5]undecan-2-yl]butyl]-3-methylidenespiro[4a,7,8,8a-tetrahydro-4H-pyrano[3,2-b]pyran-6,5'-oxolane]-2'-yl]but-3-en-2-yl]-11-hydroxy-4-methyl-1,7-dioxaspiro[5.5]undec-4-en-8-yl]-2-hydroxy-2-methylpropanoic acid

**Description:** Okadaic acid is a polycyclic ether that is produced by several species of dinoflagellates, and is known to accumulate in both marine sponges and shellfish. A polyketide, polyether derivative of a C38 fatty acid, it is one of the primary causes of diarrhetic shellfish poisoning (DSP). It is a potent inhibitor of specific protein phosphatases and is known to have a variety of negative effects on cells. It has a role as a marine metabolite, an EC 3. 1. 3. 16 (phosphoprotein phosphatase) inhibitor and a calcium ionophore. A specific inhibitor of phosphoserine/threonine protein phosphatase 1 and 2a. It is also a potent tumor promoter. (Thromb Res 1992;67(4):345-54 & Cancer Res 1993;53(2):239-41) Okadaic acid is a natural product found in Thorecta, Dinophysis acuta, and other organisms with data available. A specific inhibitor of phosphoserine/threonine protein phosphatase 1 and 2a. It is also a potent tumor promoter. It is produced by DINOFLAGELLATES and causes diarrhetic SHELLFISH POISONING.


**Response:** The given molecule is a complex natural product with a highly intricate structure, characterized by multiple stereocenters and a variety of functional groups. It is found in the marine dinoflagellate Prorocentrum lima. Let's break down its chemical properties based on its structural features:

1. **Stereochemistry**: The molecule contains numerous chiral centers, as indicated by the multiple stereochemical descriptors (R and S). This stereochemistry is crucial for its biological activity, as the spatial arrangement of atoms can significantly influence how the molecule interacts with biological targets.

2. **Functional Groups**: The molecule includes several functional groups:
   - **Hydroxyl groups**: These are present at multiple positions, contributing to the molecule's polarity and potential for hydrogen bonding. This can affect solubility and reactivity.
   - **Carboxylic acid group**: The presence of a carboxylic acid group suggests that the molecule can act as an acid, donating a proton in solution. This group can also form hydrogen bonds and participate in ionic interactions.
   - **Methylenes and Methyl groups**: These non-polar groups contribute to the hydrophobic character of the molecule, affecting its solubility in water and its interaction with lipid environments.

3. **Spiro and Dioxaspiro Structures**: The molecule features spiro and dioxaspiro structures, which are bicyclic systems where two rings are connected through a single atom. These structures can impart rigidity to the molecule, influencing its three-dimensional shape and potentially its biological activity.

4. **Conjugated Systems**: The presence of conjugated double bonds, as indicated by the ene suffix, suggests that the molecule may have some degree of electronic delocalization. This can affect its optical properties and reactivity, potentially making it susceptible to reactions such as electrophilic addition.

5. **Natural Product Characteristics**: As a natural product, the molecule likely evolved to interact with specific biological targets, which could include enzymes or receptors. Its complex structure and stereochemistry are typical of molecules that have evolved to fit specific biological roles, often with potent biological activity.

Overall, the given molecule's chemical properties are defined by its stereochemistry, functional groups, and complex ring systems, which together contribute to its potential biological activity and interactions.

---

## Molecule 58

**SMILES:** C[C@@H]1[C@H](C(=O)O[C@@H]2[C@H]([C@H]([C@@]3([C@@H]([C@@H]([C@H]4[C@@H]([C@]3([C@@]2(C)O)O[C@@]4(COC(=O)C5=C1N=CC=C5)C)OC(=O)C)OC(=O)C)OC(=O)C)COC(=O)C)OC(=O)C)OC(=O)C)C

**IUPAC Name:** [(1R,3S,13R,14R,17R,18S,19S,20S,21S,22R,23S,24S,25S)-18,19,21,22,24-pentaacetyloxy-25-hydroxy-3,13,14,25-tetramethyl-6,15-dioxo-2,5,16-trioxa-11-azapentacyclo[15.7.1.01,20.03,23.07,12]pentacosa-7(12),8,10-trien-20-yl]methyl acetate

**Description:** [(1R,3S,13R,14R,17R,18S,19S,20S,21S,22R,23S,24S,25S)-18,19,21,22,24-pentaacetyloxy-25-hydroxy-3,13,14,25-tetramethyl-6,15-dioxo-2,5,16-trioxa-11-azapentacyclo[15. 7. 1. 01,20. 03,23. 07,12]pentacosa-7(12),8,10-trien-20-yl]methyl acetate is a natural product found in Tripterygium hypoglaucum and Tripterygium wilfordii with data available.


**Response:** The given molecule is a complex natural product with a highly intricate structure, characterized by multiple functional groups and a polycyclic framework. Let's break down its chemical properties based on its structural features:

1. **Polycyclic Structure**: The molecule is a pentacyclic compound, meaning it contains five interconnected rings. This complex ring system contributes to the molecule's rigidity and stability, which can affect its interaction with biological targets.

2. **Acetate Groups**: The presence of multiple acetate groups (pentaacetyloxy and acetyloxymethyl) indicates that the molecule has several ester functionalities. These groups can undergo hydrolysis in biological systems, releasing acetic acid and potentially altering the molecule's activity or solubility.

3. **Hydroxyl Group**: The presence of a hydroxyl group (5-hydroxy) suggests potential for hydrogen bonding, which can influence the molecule's solubility in water and its interaction with other molecules, such as proteins or enzymes.

4. **Ketone Groups**: The molecule contains two ketone groups (dioxo), which are polar and can participate in hydrogen bonding as acceptors. These groups can also be reactive sites for nucleophilic attack, which might be relevant in metabolic transformations.

5. **Methyl Groups**: The presence of several methyl groups (tetramethyl) contributes to the hydrophobic character of the molecule. These groups can affect the molecule's overall lipophilicity, influencing its ability to cross cell membranes and its distribution within biological systems.

6. **Chirality**: The molecule has multiple chiral centers, as indicated by the stereochemical descriptors (R and S). This chirality is crucial for the molecule's biological activity, as it can determine the specificity and strength of interactions with chiral environments, such as enzyme active sites or receptor binding pockets.

7. **Oxygen and Nitrogen Atoms**: The presence of oxygen and nitrogen atoms in the structure (trioxa and aza) suggests potential sites for hydrogen bonding and coordination with metal ions. These heteroatoms can also influence the electronic properties of the molecule, affecting its reactivity and interaction with other chemical species.

Overall, the given molecule's chemical properties are defined by its complex polycyclic structure, multiple functional groups, and stereochemistry, all of which play a significant role in its biological activity and potential therapeutic applications.

---

## Molecule 59

**SMILES:** C[C@]12C[C@@H]3[C@]4([C@]56[C@H]1C(=O)[C@](O5)([C@@H]7C[C@H]([C@]89C[C@H]8CC(=O)[C@@]9([C@H]7CC[C@@]6(C(=O)O4)O)C)O)OC[C@H]2C(=O)O3)C

**IUPAC Name:** (1R,2R,4R,5R,7S,10R,11S,14R,17S,18R,19S,20S,22R,25S)-4,14-dihydroxy-10,17,20-trimethyl-16,23,27,28-tetraoxanonacyclo[16.9.1.11,19.02,11.05,7.05,10.014,18.017,22.020,25]nonacosane-9,15,24,29-tetrone

**Description:** (1R,2R,4R,5R,7S,10R,11S,14R,17S,18R,19S,20S,22R,25S)-4,14-dihydroxy-10,17,20-trimethyl-16,23,27,28-tetraoxanonacyclo[16. 9. 1. 11,19. 02,11. 05,7. 05,10. 014,18. 017,22. 020,25]nonacosane-9,15,24,29-tetrone is a natural product found in Physalis lagascae, Physalis minima, and Alkekengi officinarum with data available.


**Response:** The given molecule, known as Physalin A, is a complex natural product with a highly intricate polycyclic structure. This molecule is characterized by its multiple rings and functional groups, which contribute to its unique chemical properties.

1. **Polycyclic Structure**: The given molecule features a highly complex polycyclic framework. This structure is composed of several interconnected rings, which can influence the molecule's rigidity and stability. The presence of multiple rings often results in a more rigid and less flexible molecular conformation, which can affect how the molecule interacts with biological targets.

2. **Hydroxyl Groups**: The molecule contains two hydroxyl groups. These hydroxyl groups are capable of forming hydrogen bonds, which can significantly influence the molecule's solubility in water and its interaction with other molecules, such as proteins or enzymes. The presence of these groups can also affect the molecule's reactivity, making it more polar and potentially increasing its ability to participate in chemical reactions such as esterification or etherification.

3. **Ketone Groups**: The molecule includes several ketone groups, as indicated by the presence of tetrone in its name. Ketones are polar functional groups that can participate in various chemical reactions, such as nucleophilic addition. These groups can also contribute to the molecule's overall polarity and influence its solubility and reactivity.

4. **Methyl Groups**: The presence of three methyl groups in the structure adds to the hydrophobic character of the molecule. Methyl groups can influence the molecule's overall shape and its interaction with hydrophobic environments, such as lipid membranes. They can also affect the molecule's volatility and its ability to participate in van der Waals interactions.

5. **Chirality**: The given molecule is chiral, with multiple stereocenters. This chirality is crucial for its biological activity, as the spatial arrangement of atoms can significantly impact how the molecule interacts with chiral environments, such as enzymes or receptors in biological systems.

Overall, the chemical properties of the given molecule, Physalin A, are largely determined by its polycyclic structure, functional groups, and chirality. These features contribute to its biological activity and its role as a natural product with potential pharmacological applications.

---

## Molecule 60

**SMILES:** CC1=CC2=C(C=C1C)N(C=N2)[C@@H]3[C@@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O3)CO)OP(=O)([O-])O[C@H](C)CNC(=O)CC[C@@]\4([C@H]([C@@H]5[C@]6([C@@]([C@@H](C(=N6)/C(=C\7/[C@@]([C@@H](C(=N7)/C=C\8/C([C@@H](C(=N8)/C(=C4\[N-]5)/C)CCC(=O)N)(C)C)CCC(=O)N)(C)CC(=O)N)/C)CCC(=O)N)(C)CC(=O)N)C)CC(=O)N)C)O.[C-]#N.[Co+3]

**IUPAC Name:** cobalt(3+);[(2R,3S,4R,5S)-5-(5,6-dimethylbenzimidazol-1-yl)-4-hydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)oxolan-3-yl] [(2R)-1-[3-[(1R,2R,3R,4Z,7S,9Z,12S,13S,14Z,17S,18S,19R)-2,13,18-tris(2-amino-2-oxoethyl)-7,12,17-tris(3-amino-3-oxopropyl)-3,5,8,8,13,15,18,19-octamethyl-2,7,12,17-tetrahydro-1H-corrin-21-id-3-yl]propanoylamino]propan-2-yl] phosphate;cyanide

**Description:** Cyanocobalamin is a cobalt-containing coordination compound generated by intestinal microbes, and a natural water-soluble vitamin of the B-complex family that must combine with Intrinsic Factor for absorption by the intestine. Cyanocobalamin is necessary for hematopoiesis, neural metabolism, DNA and RNA production, and carbohydrate, fat, and protein metabolism. B12 improves iron functions in the metabolic cycle and assists folic acid in choline synthesis. B12 metabolism is interconnected with that of folic acid. Vitamin B12 deficiency causes pernicious anemia, megaloblastic anemia, and neurologic lesions. Cyanocobalamin is a metabolite found in or produced by Escherichia coli (strain K12, MG1655). Cyanocobalamin is a metabolite found in or produced by Saccharomyces cerevisiae.


**Response:** The given molecule is a complex organometallic compound that includes a cobalt ion coordinated with a corrin ring, which is a macrocyclic structure similar to porphyrins found in vitamin B12. This structure is crucial for its biological activity and chemical properties.

### Chemical Properties:

1. **Coordination Chemistry**: 
   - The central cobalt ion in the given molecule is in a +3 oxidation state, which is coordinated within a corrin ring. This coordination is similar to that in vitamin B12, where cobalt is central to the molecule's function. The corrin ring provides a unique environment that allows the cobalt to participate in various redox reactions, making it an essential cofactor in enzymatic processes.

2. **Chirality and Stereochemistry**:
   - The molecule has multiple chiral centers, which are indicated by the stereochemical descriptors in the IUPAC name. This chirality is crucial for its biological activity, as the specific 3D arrangement of atoms allows it to interact precisely with biological targets, such as enzymes and receptors.

3. **Functional Groups**:
   - The presence of hydroxyl groups and a hydroxymethyl group contributes to the molecule's solubility and reactivity. These groups can form hydrogen bonds, which are important for the molecule's interaction with other biomolecules.
   - The benzimidazole moiety, which is part of the axial ligand, provides additional coordination to the cobalt center and contributes to the stability of the complex.

4. **Biological Role**:
   - As a cofactor, the given molecule is involved in essential biochemical pathways, such as the metabolism of peroxides and the conversion of homocysteine to methionine. Its ability to undergo oxidation and reduction reactions is vital for these processes.

5. **Redox Activity**:
   - The cobalt center can exist in multiple oxidation states, which is a key feature of its function as a cofactor. This redox activity is essential for its role in electron transfer reactions within cells.

6. **Solubility and Stability**:
   - The presence of phosphate and other polar groups enhances the solubility of the molecule in aqueous environments, which is important for its function in biological systems. The macrocyclic structure also contributes to the stability of the complex, allowing it to maintain its integrity under physiological conditions.

Overall, the given molecule's structure, with its cobalt center, corrin ring, and various functional groups, underpins its role as a crucial cofactor in biological systems, facilitating a range of enzymatic reactions essential for cellular metabolism.

---

## Molecule 61

**SMILES:** C[C@@H]1C[C@@H]([C@@H]2[C@H](C[C@H]([C@@](O2)(C(=O)C(=O)N3CCCC[C@H]3C(=O)O[C@@H]([C@@H]([C@H](CC(=O)[C@@H](/C=C(/C1)\C)CC=C)O)C)/C(=C/[C@@H]4CC[C@H]([C@@H](C4)OC)O)/C)O)C)OC)OC.O

**IUPAC Name:** (1R,9S,12S,13R,14S,17R,18E,21S,23S,24R,25S,27R)-1,14-dihydroxy-12-[(E)-1-[(1R,3R,4R)-4-hydroxy-3-methoxycyclohexyl]prop-1-en-2-yl]-23,25-dimethoxy-13,19,21,27-tetramethyl-17-prop-2-enyl-11,28-dioxa-4-azatricyclo[22.3.1.04,9]octacos-18-ene-2,3,10,16-tetrone;hydrate

**Description:** Tacrolimus hydrate is a hydrate that is the monohydrate form of tacrolimus. It has a role as an immunosuppressive agent. It contains a tacrolimus (anhydrous). Tacrolimus is a macrolide isolated from Streptomyces tsukubaensis. Tacrolimus binds to the FKBP-12 protein and forms a complex with calcium-dependent proteins, thereby inhibiting calcineurin phosphatase activity and resulting in decreased cytokine production. This agent exhibits potent immunosuppressive activity in vivo and prevents the activation of T-lymphocytes in response to antigenic or mitogenic stimulation. Tacrolimus possesses similar immunosuppressive properties to cyclosporine, but is more potent.


**Response:** The given molecule is a complex macrolide lactone with a variety of functional groups that contribute to its chemical properties. It is a derivative of ascomycin, a natural product, and is known for its immunosuppressive activity.

1. **Macrolide Structure**: The molecule features a large lactone ring, which is characteristic of macrolides. This ring is crucial for its biological activity, as it allows the molecule to interact with specific biological targets, such as the immunophilin FKBP-12.

2. **Hydroxyl Groups**: The presence of multiple hydroxyl groups in the molecule increases its polarity and solubility in aqueous environments. These hydroxyl groups can form hydrogen bonds, which are important for the molecule's interaction with biological targets and its overall stability.

3. **Methoxy Groups**: The methoxy groups contribute to the molecule's lipophilicity, which can affect its ability to cross cell membranes. These groups can also influence the molecule's binding affinity to its target proteins by participating in hydrophobic interactions.

4. **Prop-2-enyl Side Chain**: The presence of an unsaturated side chain (prop-2-enyl) introduces a site of potential reactivity, which can participate in additional chemical interactions or modifications. This unsaturation can also affect the molecule's conformation and flexibility.

5. **Cyclohexyl Moiety**: The cyclohexyl group with additional hydroxyl and methoxy substituents adds to the molecule's complexity. This part of the structure can influence the molecule's three-dimensional shape and its ability to fit into the binding sites of target proteins.

6. **Lactam and Ether Linkages**: The molecule contains lactam (cyclic amide) and ether linkages, which are important for its structural integrity. These linkages can affect the molecule's stability and its resistance to enzymatic degradation.

7. **Hydroxide Ion**: The presence of a hydroxide ion suggests that the molecule may exist in a deprotonated form under physiological conditions, which can influence its solubility and interaction with biological systems.

Overall, the given molecule's chemical properties are defined by its complex structure, which allows it to effectively bind to and modulate the activity of specific proteins, such as FKBP-12, thereby exerting its immunosuppressive effects.

---

## Molecule 62

**SMILES:** COC1=CC(=CC(=C1OC)OC)C2=CC(=O)C3=C(C=C(C=C3O2)O)O

**IUPAC Name:** 5,7-dihydroxy-2-(3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl)chromen-4-one

**Description:** 3',4',5'-O-trimethyltricetin is a trimethoxyflavone that is the 3',4',5'-tri-O-methyl ether of tricetin. It is a trimethoxyflavone, a dihydroxyflavone and a 3',5'-dimethoxyflavone. It is functionally related to a tricetin. It is a conjugate acid of a 3',4',5'-O-trimethyltricetin(1-).


**Response:** The given molecule is a flavonoid, specifically a flavone, which is characterized by its chromen-4-one backbone. This structure is a fused ring system consisting of a benzene ring and a pyrone ring. The presence of hydroxyl groups at the 5 and 7 positions contributes to its ability to participate in hydrogen bonding, which can enhance its solubility in polar solvents and influence its biological activity. These hydroxyl groups also play a crucial role in the antioxidant properties of the molecule, as they can donate hydrogen atoms to neutralize free radicals.

The methoxy groups on the phenyl ring, located at the 3, 4, and 5 positions, increase the molecule's lipophilicity, which can affect its ability to interact with lipid membranes and potentially enhance its bioavailability. These methoxy groups can also influence the electronic distribution across the molecule, potentially affecting its reactivity and interaction with biological targets.

Overall, the combination of hydroxyl and methoxy groups in the given molecule suggests that it may have significant antioxidant and potential anti-inflammatory properties, which are common characteristics of flavonoids. These properties are often associated with the ability to scavenge free radicals and modulate enzyme activity.

---

## Molecule 63

**SMILES:** CC(=O)OCC1=C(N2C(C(C2=O)NC(=O)C(=NOC)C3=CSC(=N3)N)SC1)C(=O)[O-].[Na+]

**IUPAC Name:** sodium;3-(acetyloxymethyl)-7-[[2-(2-amino-1,3-thiazol-4-yl)-2-methoxyiminoacetyl]amino]-8-oxo-5-thia-1-azabicyclo[4.2.0]oct-2-ene-2-carboxylate

**Description:** Cefotaxime Sodium is the sodium salt form of cefotaxime, a beta-lactam, third-generation cephalosporin antibiotic with bactericidal activity. Cefotaxime sodium binds to and inactivates penicillin-binding proteins (PBP) located on the inner membrane of the bacterial cell wall. Inactivation of PBPs interferes with the cross-linking of peptidoglycan chains necessary for bacterial cell wall strength and rigidity. This results in the weakening of the bacterial cell wall and causes cell lysis. Compared to the second and first generation cephalosporins, cefotaxime sodium is more active against gram-negative bacteria and less active against gram-positive bacteria.


**Response:** The given molecule is a third-generation cephalosporin antibiotic, which is part of the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. Its structure is characterized by a beta-lactam ring fused to a dihydrothiazine ring, forming a bicyclic system. This core structure is crucial for its antibacterial activity, as it allows the molecule to bind to and inactivate penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs) on bacterial cell walls.

The presence of the methoxyimino group in the side chain enhances the molecule's resistance to beta-lactamase enzymes, which are produced by some bacteria to inactivate beta-lactam antibiotics. This modification helps the given molecule maintain its efficacy against beta-lactamase-producing strains.

Additionally, the molecule contains a thiazole ring, which contributes to its stability and spectrum of activity. The thiazole ring is part of the side chain that interacts with PBPs, enhancing the molecule's ability to inhibit these proteins and thus disrupt bacterial cell wall synthesis.

The acetyloxy group in the structure may influence the molecule's pharmacokinetic properties, such as absorption and distribution, by affecting its solubility and stability. The sodium salt form of the molecule increases its solubility in aqueous environments, which is beneficial for its administration and bioavailability.

Overall, the structural features of the given molecule, including the beta-lactam ring, methoxyimino group, thiazole ring, and acetyloxy group, collectively contribute to its broad-spectrum antibacterial activity, especially against Gram-negative bacteria, and its resistance to enzymatic degradation.

---

## Molecule 64

**SMILES:** CNCCOP(=O)(O)OP(=O)(O)OC[C@@H]1[C@H]([C@H]([C@@H](O1)N2C=CC(=NC2=O)N)O)O

**IUPAC Name:** [[(2R,3S,4R,5R)-5-(4-amino-2-oxopyrimidin-1-yl)-3,4-dihydroxyoxolan-2-yl]methoxy-hydroxyphosphoryl] 2-(methylamino)ethyl hydrogen phosphate

**Description:** CDP-N-methylethanolamine is a nucleotide-(amino alcohol) that is the N-methyl derivative of CDP-ethanolamine. It is a phosphoethanolamine and a member of nucleotide-(amino alcohol)s. It is functionally related to a CDP-ethanolamine. It is a conjugate acid of a CDP-N-methylethanolamine(1-).


**Response:** The given molecule is a pyrimidine ribonucleoside 5'-monophosphate, which indicates that it is a nucleotide derivative. The structure of the molecule includes a pyrimidine base, specifically cytosine, attached to a ribose sugar, which is further linked to a phosphate group. This configuration is typical of nucleotides found in RNA.

The pyrimidine base, cytosine, contains an amino group and a keto group, which contribute to its ability to form hydrogen bonds. This is crucial for the base pairing properties in nucleic acids, allowing cytosine to pair with guanine through hydrogen bonding.

The ribose sugar in the molecule is a pentose sugar with hydroxyl groups at specific positions, which is characteristic of ribonucleosides. The presence of these hydroxyl groups makes the molecule hydrophilic and capable of forming hydrogen bonds, influencing its solubility and interaction with other biomolecules.

The phosphate group is attached to the 5' position of the ribose sugar, forming a monophosphate. This phosphate group is negatively charged, contributing to the molecule's overall charge and affecting its solubility and interaction with other charged molecules, such as proteins and nucleic acids.

Additionally, the presence of a methylaminoethoxy group linked to the phosphate suggests a modification that could influence the molecule's chemical properties, such as its stability, reactivity, and interaction with enzymes or other molecules. This modification could potentially affect the molecule's role in biological processes, such as signaling or as a substrate for enzymatic reactions.

Overall, the given molecule's chemical properties are largely determined by its nucleotide structure, the presence of the cytosine base, and the phosphate group, which together influence its role in biological systems.

---

## Molecule 65

**SMILES:** CCCCCCCC(=O)OCCCCCC

**IUPAC Name:** hexyl octanoate

**Description:** Hexyl octanoate is an octanoate ester obtained by the formal condensation of octanoic acid with hexan-1-ol. It has a role as a plant metabolite. It is functionally related to a hexan-1-ol. Hexyl octanoate is a natural product found in Salvia atropatana, Boswellia sacra, and other organisms with data available.


**Response:** The given molecule is an ester, specifically an octanoate ester, which is derived from octanoic acid and hexyl alcohol. This structure consists of an octanoate group, which is an eight-carbon saturated fatty acid chain, and a hexyl group, which is a six-carbon alkyl chain.

**Chemical Properties:**

1. **Hydrophobic Nature:** The long hydrocarbon chains in the given molecule make it highly hydrophobic. This means it is not soluble in water but is soluble in organic solvents. This property is typical for esters derived from fatty acids.

2. **Volatility:** Esters generally have a pleasant, often fruity odor and are volatile, which contributes to their use in flavorings and fragrances. The given molecule, with its relatively small ester group, is likely to have a moderate volatility.

3. **Reactivity:** Esters can undergo hydrolysis, especially in the presence of acids or bases, to yield the corresponding alcohol and carboxylic acid. However, the given molecule's stability is enhanced by the long alkyl chains, which reduce the reactivity compared to smaller esters.

4. **Boiling Point:** The presence of long hydrocarbon chains increases the boiling point of the given molecule compared to smaller esters. This is due to increased van der Waals forces between the molecules.

5. **Non-polar Character:** The given molecule is non-polar due to the absence of polar functional groups, aside from the ester linkage. This non-polarity contributes to its role as a solvent for non-polar substances.

Overall, the given molecule's structure, with its long hydrocarbon chains and ester linkage, imparts properties that make it useful in various industrial and commercial applications, particularly in the fragrance and flavoring industries.

---

## Molecule 66

**SMILES:** C[C@@H]\1C/C(=C/C[C@@H]2C[C@@H](C[C@@]3(O2)C/C(=N\OC)/[C@@H]([C@H](O3)/C(=C/C(C)C)/C)C)OC(=O)[C@@H]4C=C([C@H]([C@H]5[C@]4(/C(=C/C=C1)/CO5)O)O)C)/C

**IUPAC Name:** (1R,4S,4'E,5'S,6R,6'S,8R,10E,13R,14E,16E,20S,21R,24S)-21,24-dihydroxy-4'-methoxyimino-5',11,13,22-tetramethyl-6'-[(E)-4-methylpent-2-en-2-yl]spiro[3,7,19-trioxatetracyclo[15.6.1.14,8.020,24]pentacosa-10,14,16,22-tetraene-6,2'-oxane]-2-one

**Description:** Moxidectin is a macrocyclic lactone derived from Streptomyces cyanogriseus with antiparasitic activity. Upon administration, moxidectin may bind to glutamate-gated chloride channels (GluCl), gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) receptors and/or ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters expressed on nematode neurons and pharyngeal muscle cells. As a result, neurons or muscle cells remain at either hyperpolarization or depolarization state, thereby resulting in muscle paralysis. Moxidectin reduces the motility and fertility of the parasite and its excretion of immunomodulatory proteins, and inhibits the release of microfilariae.


**Response:** The given molecule, moxidectin, is a member of the macrocyclic lactone class, characterized by its large, cyclic ester structure. This macrocyclic framework is crucial for its biological activity, particularly its ability to bind to specific receptors in nematodes and arthropods. The presence of multiple rings, including a spiro-connected oxane ring, contributes to the rigidity and three-dimensional shape of the molecule, which is essential for its interaction with biological targets.

The molecule contains several double bonds, as indicated by the E-configuration descriptors, which suggest the presence of trans double bonds. These unsaturations contribute to the molecule's rigidity and influence its overall conformation, which is important for its binding affinity and specificity to its target receptors.

The presence of hydroxyl groups in the structure, as indicated by the dihydroxy descriptor, suggests potential sites for hydrogen bonding. These hydroxyl groups can enhance the molecule's solubility and may play a role in its interaction with biological membranes or proteins.

Additionally, the methoxyimino group in the molecule introduces an oxime functional group, which can influence the molecule's electronic properties and potentially its reactivity. This group may also contribute to the molecule's stability and its ability to resist metabolic degradation.

The given molecule's ability to act as an antiparasitic agent is largely due to its interaction with glutamate-gated chloride channels, gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) receptors, and octopamine receptors. These interactions lead to an increase in chloride ion permeability across cell membranes, resulting in hyperpolarization and paralysis of the parasite. This mechanism is effective against a wide range of parasites, including nematodes and arthropods, making the molecule a potent antiparasitic agent.

Overall, the structural features of the given molecule, such as its macrocyclic lactone framework, unsaturations, hydroxyl groups, and methoxyimino functionality, are integral to its chemical properties and biological activity.

---

## Molecule 67

**SMILES:** C1C(COC2=C1C=CC(=C2)O)C3=C(C=C(C=C3)O)O

**IUPAC Name:** 4-(7-hydroxy-3,4-dihydro-2H-chromen-3-yl)benzene-1,3-diol

**Description:** Demethylvestitol is a member of hydroxyisoflavans. Demethylvestitol is a natural product found in Anthyllis vulneraria, Endosamara racemosa, and Vigna mungo with data available. A piperazinyl androstane derivative which is a non-depolarizing neuromuscular blocking agent (NEUROMUSCULAR NONDEPOLARIZING AGENTS). It is used as a muscle relaxant during ANESTHESIA and surgical procedures.


**Response:** The given molecule is a type of flavonoid, specifically a flavan, which is characterized by its chromene structure. This structure consists of a benzopyran ring system, which is a fused ring system combining a benzene ring and a pyran ring. The presence of the chromene moiety contributes to the molecule's stability and potential biological activity.

The molecule features a hydroxyl group attached to the chromene ring, which enhances its ability to participate in hydrogen bonding. This can increase the molecule's solubility in water and its potential to interact with biological targets through hydrogen bonding.

Additionally, the molecule contains a benzene ring with two hydroxyl groups, known as a diol. These hydroxyl groups are positioned in a meta configuration relative to each other. The presence of these hydroxyl groups can significantly influence the molecule's chemical properties, such as its acidity and reactivity. The hydroxyl groups can donate hydrogen ions, making the molecule slightly acidic. They also contribute to the molecule's antioxidant properties, as they can donate electrons to neutralize free radicals.

Overall, the given molecule's structure, with its chromene core and hydroxyl functionalities, suggests it may have significant biological activity, potentially contributing to its presence in natural sources like Dalbergia odorifera. These structural features are often associated with antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and other pharmacological properties.

---

## Molecule 68

**SMILES:** C[C@@H]1[C@@H]2C[C@@]34COC(=O)C3=CC=C[C@H]4[C@]15C[C@@H](O[C@H]5O2)C6=COC=C6

**IUPAC Name:** (1R,2R,10S,12S,14R,16R,18S)-16-(furan-3-yl)-18-methyl-8,13,15-trioxapentacyclo[10.5.1.01,14.02,10.06,10]octadeca-3,5-dien-7-one

**Description:** (1R,2R,10S,12S,14R,16R,18S)-16-(furan-3-yl)-18-methyl-8,13,15-trioxapentacyclo[10. 5. 1. 01,14. 02,10. 06,10]octadeca-3,5-dien-7-one is a natural product found in Salvia xalapensis, Salvia farinacea, and other organisms with data available.


**Response:** The given molecule is a complex natural product with a unique structure that includes multiple rings and functional groups. Let's break down its chemical properties based on its structural features:

1. **Pentacyclic Structure**: The molecule contains a pentacyclic framework, which means it has five interconnected rings. This complex ring system contributes to the molecule's rigidity and stability. Such structures are often found in natural products and can influence the molecule's biological activity by providing a specific three-dimensional shape that can interact with biological targets.

2. **Furan Ring**: The presence of a furan ring, which is a five-membered aromatic ring containing an oxygen atom, adds to the molecule's aromatic character. Furan rings are known for their electron-rich nature, which can participate in π-π interactions and hydrogen bonding. This can affect the molecule's solubility and reactivity, as well as its ability to interact with enzymes or receptors in biological systems.

3. **Methyl Group**: The methyl group attached to the structure contributes to the molecule's hydrophobic character. Methyl groups can influence the molecule's overall lipophilicity, affecting its ability to cross cell membranes and its distribution within biological systems.

4. **Trioxapentacyclic System**: The presence of three oxygen atoms within the pentacyclic system suggests potential sites for hydrogen bonding and polar interactions. These oxygen atoms can act as hydrogen bond acceptors, which may play a role in the molecule's interaction with biological molecules, such as proteins or nucleic acids.

5. **Enone Moiety**: The presence of an enone (a conjugated system of a double bond and a carbonyl group) is significant for its chemical reactivity. Enones are electrophilic and can undergo nucleophilic addition reactions. This feature can be crucial for the molecule's biological activity, as it may allow the molecule to form covalent bonds with biological targets.

6. **Chirality**: The molecule has multiple chiral centers, which means it can exist in different stereoisomeric forms. The specific stereochemistry (as indicated by the R and S configurations) is critical for its biological activity, as it determines the molecule's three-dimensional shape and how it fits into biological receptors or enzymes.

Overall, the given molecule's complex structure, with its combination of aromatic, hydrophobic, and polar features, along with its specific stereochemistry, suggests that it may have significant biological activity, potentially contributing to its role as a natural product in Salvia splendens.

---

## Molecule 69

**SMILES:** C[C@]12CC[C@H]3[C@H]([C@@H]1CC[C@H]2O)CCC4=CC(=O)CC[C@]34C

**IUPAC Name:** (8R,9S,10R,13S,14S,17R)-17-hydroxy-10,13-dimethyl-1,2,6,7,8,9,11,12,14,15,16,17-dodecahydrocyclopenta[a]phenanthren-3-one

**Description:** Epitestosterone is an androstanoid that is the C-17 epimer of testosterone. It has a role as an androgen antagonist and a human metabolite. It is an androstanoid, a 17alpha-hydroxy steroid and a 3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid. Epitestosterone is the 17-alpha isomer of testosterone, derived from pregnenolone via the delta5-steroid pathway, and via 5-androstene-3-beta,17-alpha-diol. Epitestosterone acts as an antiandrogen in various target tissues. The ratio between testosterone/epitestosterone is used to monitor anabolic drug abuse. Epitestosterone is a natural product found in Vitex agnus-castus with data available. The 17-alpha isomer of TESTOSTERONE, derived from PREGNENOLONE via the delta5-steroid pathway, and via 5-androstene-3-beta,17-alpha-diol. Epitestosterone acts as an antiandrogen in various target tissues. The ratio between testosterone/epitestosterone is used to monitor anabolic drug abuse.


**Response:** The given molecule is a steroid, specifically a derivative of androstane, which is a type of androgen. Its structure is based on the cyclopenta[a]phenanthrene framework, which is characteristic of steroids. This framework consists of three six-membered rings and one five-membered ring fused together.

The presence of a hydroxyl group at the 17th carbon position classifies the molecule as a 17-hydroxy steroid. This hydroxyl group contributes to the molecule's polarity and can engage in hydrogen bonding, affecting its solubility and interaction with biological molecules.

The molecule also contains a ketone group at the third carbon position, making it a 3-oxo steroid. This functional group is crucial for the molecule's biological activity, as it can participate in various chemical reactions, such as reduction or nucleophilic addition, which are important in metabolic pathways.

The stereochemistry of the molecule is specified by the configuration at several chiral centers, which are crucial for its biological function. The specific 3D arrangement of these chiral centers influences how the molecule interacts with androgen receptors and other proteins, determining its role as an androgen.

As an androgen, the given molecule plays a role in the development and maintenance of male characteristics by binding to androgen receptors. Its structural features, such as the hydroxyl and ketone groups, are essential for its activity and specificity in biological systems.

---

## Molecule 70

**SMILES:** CCCCC/C=C\C/C=C\C/C=C\CCCCCCCCC(=O)[O-]

**IUPAC Name:** (10Z,13Z,16Z)-docosa-10,13,16-trienoate

**Description:** (10Z,13Z,16Z)-docosatrienoate is a long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid anion that is the conjugate base of (10Z,13Z,16Z)-docosatrienoic acid, obtained by deprotonation of the carboxy group; major species at pH 7. 3. It is a conjugate base of a (10Z,13Z,16Z)-docosatrienoic acid.


**Response:** The given molecule is a trienoate, which indicates that it is an ester derived from a polyunsaturated fatty acid. The structure of the molecule includes a long carbon chain with three double bonds, specifically located at the 8th, 11th, and 14th positions. These double bonds are in the cis configuration, denoted by the 'Z' in the name, which means the hydrogen atoms attached to the carbons of the double bonds are on the same side. This configuration introduces kinks in the carbon chain, affecting the molecule's physical properties such as its melting point and fluidity.

The presence of multiple double bonds classifies the molecule as a polyunsaturated fatty acid derivative. These double bonds are sites of potential chemical reactivity, such as oxidation, which can lead to the formation of peroxides or other reactive species. The unsaturation also contributes to the molecule's ability to participate in various biochemical pathways, including the synthesis of signaling molecules like eicosanoids.

As the conjugate base of a fatty acid, the given molecule is likely to be more stable in basic environments, as the carboxylate group is deprotonated. This deprotonation increases the molecule's solubility in polar solvents and allows it to participate in ionic interactions, which can be important in biological systems where it may act as a signaling molecule or be incorporated into lipid membranes.

---

## Molecule 71

**SMILES:** CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(CCCCCCCCCCCCCCC)O

**IUPAC Name:** hentriacontan-16-ol

**Description:** Hentriacontan-16-ol is a fatty alcohol consisting of a hydroxy function at C-16 of an unbranched saturated chain of 31 carbon atoms. It is a long-chain fatty alcohol and a secondary alcohol. It derives from a hydride of a hentriacontane. Hentriacontan-16-ol is a natural product found in Dimocarpus longan, Nephelium ramboutan-ake, and Phytolacca acinosa with data available.


**Response:** The given molecule is a long-chain alcohol, specifically a fatty alcohol, characterized by a linear carbon chain with a hydroxyl group (-OH) attached to the 15th carbon. This structure imparts several important chemical properties to the molecule.

1. **Hydrophobic Nature**: The long hydrocarbon chain of the given molecule is predominantly nonpolar, making it hydrophobic. This means it is insoluble in water but soluble in organic solvents. The hydrophobic nature is typical of long-chain fatty alcohols, which are often used in surfactants and emulsifiers.

2. **Hydroxyl Group Reactivity**: The presence of the hydroxyl group introduces a polar site within the otherwise nonpolar molecule. This group can participate in hydrogen bonding, which can affect the molecule's boiling and melting points, typically increasing them compared to hydrocarbons of similar molecular weight. The hydroxyl group also makes the molecule slightly more reactive than a simple alkane, allowing it to undergo reactions typical of alcohols, such as esterification and oxidation.

3. **Physical State and Solubility**: Due to its long carbon chain, the given molecule is likely to be a solid at room temperature. Its solubility characteristics are influenced by the hydroxyl group, which can form hydrogen bonds with polar solvents, but the extensive hydrophobic chain limits its solubility in water.

4. **Biological Role**: As a natural product found in Pisum sativum, the given molecule may play a role in biological systems, potentially involved in the formation of waxes or acting as a precursor to other biologically active compounds. Its structure suggests it could be part of the plant's protective waxy layer, contributing to water retention and defense against environmental stress.

Overall, the given molecule's chemical properties are largely dictated by its long hydrocarbon chain and the presence of a single hydroxyl group, which influences its solubility, reactivity, and potential biological functions.

---

## Molecule 72

**SMILES:** C1=CC=C2C(=C1)C(=CN2)C[C@H](C(=O)[O-])[NH3+]

**IUPAC Name:** (2R)-2-azaniumyl-3-(1H-indol-3-yl)propanoate

**Description:** D-tryptophan zwitterion is zwitterionic form of D-tryptophan having an anionic carboxy group and a protonated alpha-amino group; major species at pH 7. 3. It is a tautomer of a D-tryptophan. D-Tryptophan is a metabolite found in or produced by Saccharomyces cerevisiae. D-Tryptophan is a natural product found in Vitis vinifera and Solanum lycopersicum with data available.


**Response:** The given molecule is a zwitterion form of L-tryptophan, which is an amino acid. In this zwitterionic form, the molecule contains both a positively charged ammonium group and a negatively charged carboxylate group. This dual charge state is a result of the proton transfer from the carboxylic acid group to the amino group, which is typical in amino acids at physiological pH (around 7.3).

The structure of the given molecule includes an indole ring, which is a bicyclic structure consisting of a benzene ring fused to a pyrrole ring. This indole moiety contributes to the molecule's aromatic properties, allowing it to participate in π-π interactions and hydrogen bonding. The presence of the indole ring also imparts hydrophobic characteristics, which can influence the molecule's solubility and interaction with other biomolecules.

The chiral center in the molecule is in the L-configuration, which is the naturally occurring form in proteins. This stereochemistry is crucial for the molecule's biological activity and its incorporation into proteins.

Overall, the given molecule's zwitterionic nature, aromatic indole ring, and chiral center contribute to its chemical properties, such as solubility, reactivity, and biological function. These properties are essential for its role as a metabolite in various organisms, including humans, plants, and bacteria.

---

## Molecule 73

**SMILES:** C[C@]12CCC[C@@]34[C@H]1CC[C@@]56[C@@H]3C[C@@H]([C@H]([C@H]5[C@@H]4N(C2)C)OC)[C@@]7(C6)CC[C@@]89[C@H]1[C@@H]8C=C2C3=C(CC[C@@]2(C1)[C@@H]9O7)[C@]1(C[C@@H](C3)CN(C1)C)C

**IUPAC Name:** (1S,1'S,5R,5'S,8'S,9R,9'R,10'S,11'S,14S,14'R,15R,16R,17'S,18'S,19S,21R)-10'-methoxy-5,5',7,7'-tetramethylspiro[20-oxa-7-azaheptacyclo[13.6.1.15,9.01,12.04,11.014,16.016,21]tricosa-4(11),12-diene-19,12'-7-azahexacyclo[9.6.2.01,8.05,17.09,14.014,18]nonadecane]

**Description:** (1S,1'S,5R,5'S,8'S,9R,9'R,10'S,11'S,14S,14'R,15R,16R,17'S,18'S,19S,21R)-10'-methoxy-5,5',7,7'-tetramethylspiro[20-oxa-7-azaheptacyclo[13. 6. 1. 15,9. 01,12. 04,11. 014,16. 016,21]tricosa-4(11),12-diene-19,12'-7-azahexacyclo[9. 6. 2. 01,8. 05,17. 09,14. 014,18]nonadecane] is a natural product found in Staphisagria macrosperma with data available.


**Response:** The given molecule is a complex natural product with a highly intricate structure, characterized by multiple fused rings and a spiro linkage. It is found in the plant Staphisagria macrosperma. The molecule's structure includes several notable features that contribute to its chemical properties:

1. **Fused Ring System**: The molecule contains a heptacyclic framework, which means it has seven interconnected rings. This extensive ring system contributes to the rigidity and stability of the molecule, affecting its reactivity and interaction with biological targets.

2. **Methoxy Group**: The presence of a methoxy group (a methoxy substituent) introduces an ether linkage, which can influence the molecule's solubility and polarity. This group can also participate in hydrogen bonding, potentially affecting the molecule's interaction with enzymes or receptors.

3. **Methyl Substituents**: The molecule has several methyl groups attached to its structure. These groups can increase the hydrophobic character of the molecule, potentially enhancing its ability to interact with lipid membranes or hydrophobic pockets in proteins.

4. **Chirality**: The molecule has multiple chiral centers, as indicated by the stereochemical descriptors (S and R). This chirality is crucial for the molecule's biological activity, as it can determine the specificity and strength of interactions with chiral biological targets, such as enzymes or receptors.

5. **Spiro Linkage**: The spiro linkage in the molecule connects two ring systems at a single atom, creating a unique three-dimensional shape. This structural feature can significantly influence the molecule's conformational flexibility and its ability to fit into specific biological sites.

6. **Azacyclic Component**: The presence of a nitrogen atom within the ring system (aza) can introduce basicity to the molecule, allowing it to participate in acid-base interactions. This can be important for binding to biological targets or influencing the molecule's solubility.

Overall, the given molecule's complex structure, with its multiple rings, chiral centers, and functional groups, suggests that it has specific and potentially potent biological activities, which is consistent with its natural occurrence in Staphisagria macrosperma. These structural features likely contribute to its role in the plant's biochemistry and any potential pharmacological effects it may have.

---

## Molecule 74

**SMILES:** C[C@H]1/C=C/C=C(\C(=O)N=C2C(=C3C(=C4C2=NC5(N4)CCN(CC5)CC(C)C)C6=C(C(=C3O)C)O[C@@](C6=O)(O/C=C/[C@@H]([C@H]([C@H]([C@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H]1O)C)O)C)OC(=O)C)C)OC)C)O)/C

**IUPAC Name:** [(7S,9E,11S,12R,13S,14S,15S,16R,17S,18S,19E,21Z)-2,15,17,32-tetrahydroxy-11-methoxy-3,7,12,14,16,18,22-heptamethyl-1'-(2-methylpropyl)-6,23-dioxospiro[8,33-dioxa-24,27,29-triazapentacyclo[23.6.1.14,7.05,31.026,30]tritriaconta-1(32),2,4,9,19,21,24,26,30-nonaene-28,4'-piperidine]-13-yl] acetate

**Description:** Rifabutin is a rifamycin antibiotic that is similar in structure and activity to rifampin and rifapentine and which is used largely in the prevention of Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC) disease in patients with advanced HIV infection. Rifabutin is associated with transient and asymptomatic elevations in serum aminotransferase and is a likely cause of clinically apparent, acute liver disease. Rifabutin is a semisynthetic ansamycin antibiotic with potent antimycobacterial properties. Rifabutin inhibits bacterial DNA-dependent RNA polymerase, thereby suppressing the initiation of RNA formation and leading to inhibition of RNA synthesis and transcription. (NCI04) Rifabutin is an antibacterial prescription medicine approved by the U. S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for the prevention of disseminatedMycobacterium avium complex (MAC) disease in people with advanced HIV infection. Disseminated MAC disease, also called disseminated MAC infection, can be an opportunistic infection (OI) of HIV.


**Response:** The given molecule, known as rifabutin, is a complex macrocyclic antibiotic that belongs to the ansamycin class. Its structure is characterized by a large macrocyclic lactam ring, which is a common feature in rifamycin antibiotics. This macrocyclic structure is crucial for its biological activity, as it allows the molecule to interact effectively with bacterial RNA polymerase, inhibiting bacterial RNA synthesis and thus exerting its antibiotic effects.

The presence of multiple hydroxyl groups in the given molecule contributes to its solubility and ability to form hydrogen bonds, which can enhance its interaction with biological targets. The methoxy group and several methyl groups increase the lipophilicity of the molecule, which can affect its absorption and distribution within the body.

The spiro linkage in the given molecule, which connects the macrocyclic core to an oxane ring, is a unique structural feature that contributes to the rigidity and three-dimensional conformation of the molecule. This conformation is important for its specific binding to bacterial targets.

The acetate ester group in the given molecule can influence its pharmacokinetic properties, such as its stability and solubility. Esterification can also affect the molecule's ability to cross cell membranes, impacting its bioavailability.

Rifabutin's ability to inhibit cytochrome P450 enzymes, specifically CYP3A and CYP1A, is significant for its pharmacological profile. This inhibition can lead to drug-drug interactions, affecting the metabolism of other medications. The inhibition of these enzymes can also contribute to the molecule's side effects, such as liver enzyme elevations and potential hepatotoxicity.

Overall, the chemical properties of the given molecule, including its macrocyclic structure, functional groups, and ability to inhibit cytochrome P450 enzymes, underpin its use as an antibiotic and its potential for drug interactions.

---

## Molecule 75

**SMILES:** C[C@H]1[C@H]2[C@H](C[C@@]3([C@@]2([C@@H](C[C@]45C3=CC[C@@H]6[C@]4(C5)CC[C@@H](C6(C)C)O[C@H]7[C@@H]([C@H]([C@H](CO7)O)O)O)OC(=O)C)C)C)O[C@@]8([C@@H]1OC([C@H]8O)(C)C)O

**IUPAC Name:** [(1S,5R,7S,10R,12S,14R,15R,16R,17S,18R,21R,22S,24S)-21,22-dihydroxy-1,6,6,15,17,20,20-heptamethyl-7-[(2S,3R,4S,5S)-3,4,5-trihydroxyoxan-2-yl]oxy-19,23-dioxaheptacyclo[13.10.0.02,12.05,10.010,12.016,24.018,22]pentacos-2-en-14-yl] acetate

**Description:** [(1S,5R,7S,10R,12S,14R,15R,16R,17S,18R,21R,22S,24S)-21,22-dihydroxy-1,6,6,15,17,20,20-heptamethyl-7-[(2S,3R,4S,5S)-3,4,5-trihydroxyoxan-2-yl]oxy-19,23-dioxaheptacyclo[13. 10. 0. 02,12. 05,10. 010,12. 016,24. 018,22]pentacos-2-en-14-yl] acetate is a natural product found in Actaea racemosa with data available.


**Response:** The given molecule is a complex natural product with a highly intricate structure, characteristic of many bioactive compounds found in nature. It is derived from Actaea simplex, a plant known for its medicinal properties.

### Chemical Properties:

1. **Hydroxyl Groups**: The molecule contains multiple hydroxyl (-OH) groups, which are polar and can form hydrogen bonds. This increases the molecule's solubility in water and contributes to its potential reactivity with other polar substances. The presence of these groups often plays a crucial role in the molecule's biological activity, as they can interact with biological targets through hydrogen bonding.

2. **Acetate Ester**: The acetate group in the molecule is an ester functional group, which is formed by the condensation of an alcohol and acetic acid. This group can undergo hydrolysis, which is the cleavage of the ester bond in the presence of water and an acid or base catalyst. This property is important for the molecule's metabolism and bioavailability in biological systems.

3. **Oxane Ring**: The presence of an oxane ring, which is a six-membered ether ring, contributes to the molecule's rigidity and three-dimensional shape. This structural feature can influence how the molecule interacts with enzymes and receptors, potentially affecting its biological activity.

4. **Methyl Groups**: The molecule has several methyl groups, which are non-polar and contribute to the hydrophobic character of the molecule. These groups can affect the molecule's solubility and its ability to interact with lipid membranes, which is important for its absorption and distribution in biological systems.

5. **Polycyclic Structure**: The molecule's polycyclic structure, with multiple fused rings, provides a rigid framework that can be crucial for its biological function. Such structures often fit well into specific binding sites on proteins, which can lead to potent biological effects.

6. **Chirality**: The molecule has multiple chiral centers, which means it can exist in different stereoisomeric forms. The specific configuration of these centers is critical for its biological activity, as different isomers can have vastly different effects in biological systems.

Overall, the given molecule's chemical properties, such as its ability to form hydrogen bonds, undergo hydrolysis, and interact with biological membranes, are closely tied to its complex structure. These properties are essential for its role as a natural product with potential therapeutic applications.

---

## Molecule 76

**SMILES:** C[C@]1(CC[C@H]2[C@]([C@@]13[C@H](O3)C(=O)O)(C(=O)C[C@@H]4[C@@]2([C@@H](OC4(C)C)CC(=O)O)CO)C)[C@H](C5=COC=C5)O

**IUPAC Name:** (1S,2'S,3aR,5aR,6R,7S,9aR,9bR)-1-(carboxymethyl)-7-[(S)-furan-3-yl(hydroxy)methyl]-9b-(hydroxymethyl)-3,3,5a,7-tetramethyl-5-oxospiro[1,3a,4,8,9,9a-hexahydrobenzo[e][2]benzofuran-6,3'-oxirane]-2'-carboxylic acid

**Description:** Limonoic acid is a limonoid, a dicarboxylic acid, a member of furans and an epoxide. It is a conjugate acid of a limonoate(2-).


**Response:** The given molecule is a complex natural product with a rich structural framework, which contributes to its unique chemical properties. It is found in Azadirachta indica, commonly known as the neem tree, and is known for its diverse biological activities.

### Structural Features and Chemical Properties:

1. **Spirocyclic Structure**: The molecule contains a spirocyclic framework, which is a structural motif where two rings are connected through a single atom. This spiro connection can impart rigidity and unique three-dimensional shape to the molecule, influencing its interaction with biological targets.

2. **Oxirane Ring**: The presence of an oxirane (epoxide) ring is significant. Epoxides are highly reactive due to the strained three-membered ring, making them susceptible to nucleophilic attack. This reactivity can be harnessed in biological systems for covalent modification of biomolecules.

3. **Carboxylic Acid Groups**: The molecule contains carboxylic acid groups, which are polar and can form hydrogen bonds. These groups can donate protons, making the molecule acidic. They also enhance the solubility of the molecule in aqueous environments and can participate in ionic interactions with biological molecules.

4. **Hydroxyl Groups**: The presence of multiple hydroxyl groups increases the molecule's hydrophilicity and ability to form hydrogen bonds. These groups can also participate in various chemical reactions, such as esterification or etherification, and can influence the molecule's solubility and reactivity.

5. **Furan Ring**: The furan moiety is an aromatic heterocycle that can engage in π-π interactions and contribute to the molecule's overall stability. Furans are relatively electron-rich, which can affect the molecule's reactivity and interaction with electron-deficient species.

6. **Tetramethyl Substitution**: The presence of multiple methyl groups can increase the lipophilicity of the molecule, affecting its ability to cross cell membranes. Methyl groups can also influence the steric properties of the molecule, impacting its binding affinity and specificity to biological targets.

7. **Chirality**: The molecule has several chiral centers, which are crucial for its biological activity. The specific stereochemistry can determine the molecule's interaction with chiral environments, such as enzymes or receptors, leading to enantioselective biological effects.

### Biological Implications:

The combination of these structural features suggests that the given molecule may have significant biological activity, potentially contributing to the medicinal properties of Azadirachta indica. Its reactivity, solubility, and ability to interact with biological macromolecules make it a candidate for further pharmacological studies. The molecule's natural origin and complex structure are indicative of its role in ecological interactions, possibly as a defense compound or signaling molecule.

---

## Molecule 77

**SMILES:** C[C@]12CC[C@H]3[C@H]([C@@H]1C[C@@H]([C@@H]2O)O[C@H]4[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O4)C(=O)O)O)O)O)CCC5=C3C=CC(=C5)O

**IUPAC Name:** (2S,3S,4S,5R,6R)-6-[[(8R,9S,13S,14S,16S,17R)-3,17-dihydroxy-13-methyl-6,7,8,9,11,12,14,15,16,17-decahydrocyclopenta[a]phenanthren-16-yl]oxy]-3,4,5-trihydroxyoxane-2-carboxylic acid

**Description:** 16-epiestriol 16-O-(beta-D-glucuronide) is a steroid glucosiduronic acid that is 16-epiestriol having a single beta-D-glucuronic acid residue attached at position 16. It is a beta-D-glucosiduronic acid and a steroid glucosiduronic acid. It is functionally related to a 16beta-hydroxyestradiol. It is a conjugate acid of a 16-epiestriol 16-O-(beta-D-glucuronide)(1-).


**Response:** The given molecule is a complex steroid glucosiduronic acid, which is a derivative of 17beta-estradiol. This molecule is characterized by several key structural features that influence its chemical properties.

1. **Steroid Backbone**: The core structure of the given molecule is based on a steroid framework, specifically a cyclopenta[a]phenanthrene ring system. This structure is rigid and hydrophobic, contributing to the molecule's overall stability and lipophilicity. The steroid backbone is crucial for the molecule's biological activity, as it allows for interaction with specific receptors in the body.

2. **Hydroxyl Groups**: The presence of multiple hydroxyl (-OH) groups, particularly at the 3, 17, and 17 positions, increases the molecule's hydrophilicity and potential for hydrogen bonding. These hydroxyl groups are important for solubility in aqueous environments and can participate in various biochemical interactions, such as forming hydrogen bonds with proteins or enzymes.

3. **Glucuronic Acid Moiety**: The glucuronic acid component is attached to the steroid backbone via an ether linkage. This modification significantly enhances the molecule's water solubility, as glucuronic acid is a polar and hydrophilic moiety. The presence of the glucuronic acid moiety also suggests that the molecule is a glucuronide conjugate, which is a common metabolic pathway for increasing the solubility of hydrophobic compounds for excretion.

4. **Carboxylic Acid Group**: The glucuronic acid moiety includes a carboxylic acid group, which can donate a proton, making the molecule acidic. This acidic property can influence the molecule's ionization state at different pH levels, affecting its solubility and transport across biological membranes.

5. **Chirality**: The given molecule has multiple chiral centers, which are indicated by the stereochemistry in its IUPAC name. These chiral centers are crucial for the molecule's biological activity, as they determine the three-dimensional shape and how the molecule interacts with biological targets, such as receptors or enzymes.

Overall, the chemical properties of the given molecule, including its solubility, acidity, and biological activity, are largely determined by its steroid backbone, hydroxyl groups, glucuronic acid moiety, and chiral centers. These features make it an important compound in the context of steroid metabolism and excretion.

---

## Molecule 78

**SMILES:** C1=NC(=C2C(=N1)N(C=N2)[C@H]3[C@@H]([C@H]([C@H](O3)CO)O)O)N

**IUPAC Name:** (2R,3R,4R,5R)-2-(6-aminopurin-9-yl)-5-(hydroxymethyl)oxolane-3,4-diol

**Description:** 9-beta-D-xylofuranosyladenine is a purine nucleoside in which adenine is attached to xylofuranose via a beta-N(9)-glycosidic bond. It is functionally related to an adenine.


**Response:** The given molecule is a nucleoside, specifically a purine ribonucleoside, which consists of a purine base attached to a ribose sugar. The purine base in this molecule is adenine, characterized by the presence of an amino group at the 6-position, which is a key feature contributing to its hydrogen bonding capabilities. This amino group can participate in forming hydrogen bonds, which is crucial for the molecule's role in biological systems, such as in the structure of RNA.

The ribose sugar in the given molecule is a pentose sugar with a furanose ring structure. It contains several hydroxyl groups, which are important for solubility and reactivity. The hydroxyl groups can engage in hydrogen bonding, influencing the molecule's solubility in water and its interactions with other biomolecules.

The presence of a hydroxymethyl group attached to the ribose sugar further enhances the molecule's hydrophilicity and reactivity. This group can participate in various biochemical reactions, such as phosphorylation, which is essential for the formation of nucleotides.

Overall, the given molecule's structure, with its purine base and ribose sugar, allows it to play a critical role in cellular processes, particularly in the formation of nucleic acids and as a building block for energy transfer molecules like ATP.

---

## Molecule 79

**SMILES:** CCCCCC/C=C\CCCCCCCCC/C=C/C(=O)SCCNC(=O)CCNC(=O)[C@@H](C(C)(C)COP(=O)(O)OP(=O)(O)OC[C@@H]1[C@H]([C@H]([C@@H](O1)N2C=NC3=C(N=CN=C32)N)O)OP(=O)(O)O)O

**IUPAC Name:** S-[2-[3-[[(2R)-4-[[[(2R,3S,4R,5R)-5-(6-aminopurin-9-yl)-4-hydroxy-3-phosphonooxyoxolan-2-yl]methoxy-hydroxyphosphoryl]oxy-hydroxyphosphoryl]oxy-2-hydroxy-3,3-dimethylbutanoyl]amino]propanoylamino]ethyl] (2E,13Z)-icosa-2,13-dienethioate

**Description:** (2E,13Z)-icosadienoyl-CoA is a long-chain fatty acyl-CoA that results from the formal condensation of the thiol group of coenzyme A with the carboxy group of (2E,13Z)-icosadienoic acid. It is a trans-2-enoyl-CoA, a long-chain fatty acyl-CoA and an 11,12-saturated fatty acyl-CoA. It is a conjugate acid of a (2E,13Z)-icosadienoyl-CoA(4-).


**Response:** The given molecule is a complex biochemical compound that can be described as a derivative of coenzyme A, specifically a trans,trans-2,4-hexadecadienoyl-CoA. This molecule is characterized by several key structural features that influence its chemical properties.

1. **Coenzyme A Moiety**: The presence of coenzyme A indicates that the molecule is involved in acyl group transfer reactions. Coenzyme A is a crucial cofactor in metabolic pathways, particularly in the transfer of acyl groups, which is essential in fatty acid metabolism and the citric acid cycle.

2. **Thioester Bond**: The molecule contains a thioester linkage, which is a characteristic feature of acyl-CoA compounds. This bond is formed between the thiol group of coenzyme A and the carboxylic acid group of the fatty acid. Thioester bonds are high-energy bonds, making them reactive and suitable for the transfer of acyl groups in biochemical reactions.

3. **Unsaturated Fatty Acid Chain**: The molecule includes a long hydrocarbon chain with two double bonds, specifically in the trans configuration. The presence of these double bonds introduces rigidity and affects the molecule's overall shape and hydrophobicity. The trans configuration can influence the molecule's interaction with enzymes and other biomolecules, as well as its solubility and membrane association.

4. **Phosphorylated Nucleotide**: The structure includes a nucleotide moiety that is phosphorylated. This part of the molecule is derived from adenosine diphosphate (ADP) and contributes to the molecule's solubility and reactivity. The phosphoryl groups are negatively charged, which can influence the molecule's interaction with other charged species and its solubility in aqueous environments.

5. **Stereochemistry**: The molecule has specific stereochemistry, as indicated by the R and S configurations. This stereochemistry is crucial for the molecule's biological activity, as enzymes and receptors are often stereospecific. The correct orientation of the molecule is necessary for its proper function in metabolic pathways.

Overall, the given molecule's chemical properties are defined by its role as an acyl carrier in metabolic processes, its high-energy thioester bond, its unsaturated fatty acid chain, and its phosphorylated nucleotide structure. These features make it an essential component in the metabolism of fatty acids and energy production within cells.

---

## Molecule 80

**SMILES:** CC(=CCC1=C2C(=C(C3=C1O[C@@]45[C@H]6C[C@@H](C=C4C3=O)C(=O)[C@@]5(OC6(C)C)C/C=C(/C)\C=O)O)C=CC(O2)(C)C)C

**IUPAC Name:** (Z)-4-[(1S,2S,17S,19R)-12-hydroxy-8,8,21,21-tetramethyl-5-(3-methylbut-2-enyl)-14,18-dioxo-3,7,20-trioxahexacyclo[15.4.1.02,15.02,19.04,13.06,11]docosa-4(13),5,9,11,15-pentaen-19-yl]-2-methylbut-2-enal

**Description:** Morellin is an organic heterohexacyclic compound that is the major chromenoxanthone pigment present in Garcinia morella Desr. seed coat extract. It has a role as an antineoplastic agent. It is an organic heterohexacyclic compound, a polycyclic cage, a member of phenols, a cyclic ether, a cyclic ketone and an aldehyde. (2Z)-4-[(1R,3aS,5S,14aS)-8-hydroxy-3,3,11,11-tetramethyl-13-(3-methylbut-2-en-1-yl)-7,15-dioxo-3a,4,5,7-tetrahydro-3H,11H-1,5-methanofuro[3,4-g]pyrano[3,2-b]xanthen-1-yl]-2-methylbut-2-enal is a natural product found in Garcinia morella, Garcinia dulcis, and Garcinia hanburyi with data available.


**Response:** The given molecule is a complex natural product with a highly intricate structure, as indicated by its IUPAC name. It is characterized by several key structural features that contribute to its chemical properties.

1. **Polycyclic Structure**: The molecule contains a hexacyclic framework, which means it has six interconnected rings. This polycyclic structure is likely to impart significant rigidity and stability to the molecule, influencing its interaction with biological targets.

2. **Hydroxyl Group**: The presence of a hydroxyl group (–OH) contributes to the molecule's polarity and potential for hydrogen bonding. This functional group can enhance solubility in polar solvents and may play a role in the molecule's biological activity by forming hydrogen bonds with enzymes or receptors.

3. **Ketone Groups**: The molecule contains two ketone groups (indicated by the term 'dioxo'), which are carbonyl groups (C=O) bonded to two carbon atoms. These groups are typically polar and can participate in hydrogen bonding as hydrogen bond acceptors. They also contribute to the molecule's reactivity, potentially undergoing nucleophilic addition reactions.

4. **Methyl Groups**: The presence of multiple methyl groups (–CH₃) increases the hydrophobic character of the molecule. These groups can influence the molecule's overall lipophilicity, affecting its ability to cross cell membranes and its distribution within biological systems.

5. **Conjugated System**: The molecule features a conjugated system, as indicated by the presence of multiple double bonds (tetraen). This conjugation can lead to electronic delocalization, which may affect the molecule's color, UV absorption, and reactivity. Conjugated systems are often involved in electron transfer processes and can play a role in the molecule's interaction with light or other molecules.

6. **Z-Configuration**: The molecule has a specific geometric configuration around one of its double bonds, denoted by the (Z)-prefix. This configuration can influence the molecule's three-dimensional shape and, consequently, its biological activity and interaction with other molecules.

7. **Isoprenoid Side Chain**: The presence of an isoprenoid side chain (3-methylbut-2-enyl) suggests that the molecule may have origins in terpenoid biosynthesis pathways. This side chain can contribute to the molecule's hydrophobicity and may be involved in specific interactions with biological membranes or proteins.

Overall, the given molecule's chemical properties are largely defined by its polycyclic structure, functional groups, and conjugated systems, which together influence its stability, solubility, reactivity, and biological activity. These properties are crucial for its role as a natural product with potential biological effects.

---

## Molecule 81

**SMILES:** C(C(C(=O)[O-])[NH3+])SSCC(C(=O)[O-])[NH3+]

**IUPAC Name:** 2-azaniumyl-3-[(2-azaniumyl-2-carboxylatoethyl)disulfanyl]propanoate

**Description:** Cystine zwitterion is an amino acid zwitterion that is the tautomer of cystine. It has a role as a human metabolite and a mouse metabolite. It is a tautomer of a cystine.


**Response:** The given molecule is a disulfide compound that features a disulfide linkage between two amino acid residues. The structure consists of two main components: a cysteine derivative and a glutamic acid derivative, connected via a disulfide bond. This bond is a key feature that influences the molecule's stability and reactivity.

The cysteine derivative in the molecule is in its zwitterionic form, meaning it has both a positively charged ammonium group and a negatively charged carboxylate group. This dual charge state is typical for amino acids at physiological pH, allowing the molecule to participate in ionic interactions and hydrogen bonding, which can affect its solubility and interaction with other biomolecules.

The glutamic acid derivative is also in its zwitterionic form, contributing additional ionic character to the molecule. The presence of both positive and negative charges across the molecule enhances its ability to engage in electrostatic interactions, which can be crucial for its biological activity and its role in redox reactions.

The disulfide bond itself is a strong covalent bond that can confer stability to the molecule, making it resistant to hydrolysis under normal physiological conditions. This bond is significant in biological systems, as it can form and break in response to changes in redox potential, playing a role in the structural and functional regulation of proteins.

Overall, the given molecule's chemical properties are largely dictated by its zwitterionic nature and the presence of the disulfide linkage, which together influence its solubility, reactivity, and potential biological roles.

---

## Molecule 82

**SMILES:** C1CC12C3=C(C=C(C=C3)F)N(C2=O)CC4=NC5=C(N4CCCC(F)(F)F)C=CC(=C5)CN.Cl

**IUPAC Name:** 1'-[[5-(aminomethyl)-1-(4,4,4-trifluorobutyl)benzimidazol-2-yl]methyl]-6'-fluorospiro[cyclopropane-1,3'-indole]-2'-one;hydrochloride

**Description:** Sisunatovir Hydrochloride is the hydrochloride salt form of sisunatovir, an orally available, small molecule inhibitor of human respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) fusion protein (F protein), with potential antiviral activity. Upon oral administration, sisunatovir specifically targets and binds to RSV-F protein on the viral surface, which inhibits RSV-F protein-mediated fusion with the host cell membrane and prevents viral entry. This blocks RSV replication, reduces viral load, and decreases the severity of the disease. RSV-F protein, a viral surface glycoprotein, plays a key role in RSV fusion with and entry into target cells.


**Response:** The given molecule, known as Zavegepant, is a complex chemical structure that exhibits several interesting chemical properties due to its unique structural features. As a monocyclic indole derivative, it is designed to interact with the calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) receptors, which are implicated in the pathophysiology of migraines.

The core structure of the given molecule includes an indole moiety, which is a bicyclic compound consisting of a benzene ring fused to a pyrrole ring. This indole structure is known for its stability and ability to participate in π-π interactions, which can be crucial for binding to biological targets like receptors.

Additionally, the presence of a trifluoromethyl group on the indole ring enhances the molecule's lipophilicity, which can improve its ability to cross biological membranes, such as the blood-brain barrier. This is particularly important for a molecule intended to act on central nervous system targets.

The spiro connection in the molecule, which links the indole to a quinazoline moiety, introduces a rigid three-dimensional structure. This spiro configuration can influence the molecule's conformational flexibility and binding affinity to the CGRP receptor, potentially enhancing its selectivity and potency.

Furthermore, the trifluoroethyl group attached to the quinazoline ring contributes to the molecule's overall hydrophobic character, which can affect its pharmacokinetic properties, such as absorption and distribution.

The presence of a trifluorobromo group in the molecule is significant for its chemical stability and may play a role in modulating the electronic properties of the molecule, which can influence its interaction with the CGRP receptor.

The piperidine ring, which is a six-membered nitrogen-containing heterocycle, is often found in pharmaceutical compounds due to its basicity and ability to form hydrogen bonds, which can enhance receptor binding and solubility.

Finally, the molecule is presented as a hydrochloride salt, which can improve its solubility in aqueous environments, facilitating its administration and absorption in the body.

Overall, the given molecule's structural features, such as the indole core, spiro configuration, and various functional groups, contribute to its chemical properties, making it a promising candidate for the acute treatment of migraine headaches by targeting CGRP receptors.

---

## Molecule 83

**SMILES:** CC/C=C\C/C=C\C[C@@H](/C=C\C=C\C=C\[C@@H](C/C=C\CCC(=O)[O-])O)O

**IUPAC Name:** (4Z,7R,8E,10E,12Z,14S,16Z,19Z)-7,14-dihydroxydocosa-4,8,10,12,16,19-hexaenoate

**Description:** (7R,14S)-dihydroxy-(4Z,8E,10E,12Z,16Z,19Z)-docosahexaenoate is a docosanoid anion that is the conjugate base of (7R,14S)-dihydroxy-(4Z,8E,10E,12Z,16Z,19Z)-docosahexaenoic acid, obtained by deprotonation of the carboxy group; major species at pH 7. 3. It is a docosanoid anion, a hydroxy fatty acid anion, a polyunsaturated fatty acid anion and a long-chain fatty acid anion.


**Response:** The given molecule is a polyunsaturated fatty acid anion, specifically a dihydroxydocosahexaenoate. This molecule is derived from the deprotonation of its corresponding dihydroxydocosahexaenoic acid, which occurs at physiological pH (around 7.3). As an anion, it carries a negative charge, which significantly influences its chemical properties.

### Chemical Properties:

1. **Anionic Nature**: The deprotonation of the carboxylic acid group results in a carboxylate anion, which is more soluble in water compared to its neutral acid form. This increased solubility is due to the ionic nature of the carboxylate group, which can engage in hydrogen bonding and electrostatic interactions with water molecules.

2. **Polyunsaturated Structure**: The molecule contains multiple double bonds, specifically six in total, which are in both cis (Z) and trans (E) configurations. These double bonds contribute to the molecule's flexibility and reactivity. The presence of these double bonds also makes the molecule susceptible to oxidation, a common property of polyunsaturated fatty acids.

3. **Hydroxyl Groups**: The presence of two hydroxyl groups at specific stereocenters (12S and 15R) adds to the molecule's polarity and potential for hydrogen bonding. These hydroxyl groups can influence the molecule's solubility and reactivity, as well as its interaction with other biomolecules.

4. **Stereochemistry**: The specific stereochemistry (S and R configurations) at the hydroxyl-bearing carbon atoms can affect the molecule's biological activity and interaction with enzymes or receptors. The stereochemistry is crucial for the molecule's function and recognition in biological systems.

5. **Conjugate Base**: As a conjugate base, the given molecule can participate in acid-base reactions, potentially acting as a buffer in biological systems. This property is important for maintaining pH stability in various physiological environments.

Overall, the given molecule's chemical properties are largely influenced by its anionic nature, polyunsaturated structure, hydroxyl groups, and stereochemistry, all of which play a role in its biological function and reactivity.

---

## Molecule 84

**SMILES:** C[C@H]1[C@@]23C[C@H]([C@]14[C@@]5([C@H]2N(CC5)CC=C3)C6=CC=CC=C6N4)C(=O)OC

**IUPAC Name:** methyl (1R,9S,10R,12S,19S,20S)-20-methyl-8,16-diazahexacyclo[10.6.1.19,12.01,9.02,7.016,19]icosa-2,4,6,13-tetraene-10-carboxylate

**Description:** methyl (1R,9S,10R,12S,19S,20S)-20-methyl-8,16-diazahexacyclo[10. 6. 1. 19,12. 01,9. 02,7. 016,19]icosa-2,4,6,13-tetraene-10-carboxylate is a natural product found in Catharanthus ovalis, Catharanthus trichophyllus, and Catharanthus roseus with data available.


**Response:** The given molecule is a complex natural product with a hexacyclic structure, indicating that it contains six interconnected rings. This intricate framework suggests a highly rigid and possibly planar structure, which can influence its chemical properties such as stability and reactivity.

The presence of multiple chiral centers, as indicated by the stereochemical descriptors (1S, 9R, 16S, 18R, 21S), suggests that the molecule is chiral and can exist in multiple stereoisomeric forms. This chirality can significantly affect the molecule's interaction with biological targets, potentially leading to specific biological activities.

The term "diaza" in the name indicates the presence of two nitrogen atoms within the hexacyclic system. These nitrogen atoms can act as basic sites, potentially participating in hydrogen bonding or coordination with metal ions, which can be crucial for the molecule's biological activity.

The "methyl" and "carboxylate" groups suggest the presence of ester functionality. The ester group can undergo hydrolysis under acidic or basic conditions, which might be relevant for the molecule's metabolism or degradation in biological systems. The methyl group can also influence the molecule's solubility and lipophilicity, affecting its ability to cross cell membranes.

The "tetraene" part of the name indicates the presence of four conjugated double bonds. This conjugation can contribute to the molecule's electronic properties, such as UV-visible absorption, and may play a role in its stability and reactivity.

Overall, the given molecule's chemical properties are largely influenced by its complex hexacyclic structure, chirality, nitrogen atoms, ester functionality, and conjugated double bonds, all of which contribute to its potential biological activity and interactions.

---

## Molecule 85

**SMILES:** CC[C@@H](C)CCCCC(=O)N[C@@H](CCNCS(=O)(=O)[O-])C(=O)N[C@@H]([C@@H](C)O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCNCS(=O)(=O)[O-])C(=O)N[C@H]1CCNC(=O)[C@@H](NC(=O)[C@@H](NC(=O)[C@@H](NC(=O)[C@@H](NC(=O)[C@H](NC(=O)[C@@H](NC1=O)CCNCS(=O)(=O)[O-])CC(C)C)CC(C)C)CCNCS(=O)(=O)[O-])CCNCS(=O)(=O)[O-])[C@@H](C)O

**IUPAC Name:** [2-[(2S,5R,8S,11S,14S,17S,22S)-17-[(1R)-1-hydroxyethyl]-22-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S,3R)-3-hydroxy-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(6R)-6-methyloctanoyl]amino]-4-(sulfonatomethylamino)butanoyl]amino]butanoyl]amino]-4-(sulfonatomethylamino)butanoyl]amino]-5,8-bis(2-methylpropyl)-3,6,9,12,15,18,23-heptaoxo-11,14-bis[2-(sulfonatomethylamino)ethyl]-1,4,7,10,13,16,19-heptazacyclotricos-2-yl]ethylamino]methanesulfonate

**Description:** Colistimethate A(5-) is the penta-anion resulting from the removal of protons from each of the sulfonic acid groups of colistimethate A. It is a conjugate base of a colistimethate A.


**Response:** The given molecule is a complex cyclic peptide with multiple functional groups and chiral centers, contributing to its unique chemical properties. It is a derivative of colistin B, a member of the polymyxin group of antibiotics, which are known for their amphipathic nature, allowing them to interact with bacterial membranes.

### Chemical Properties:

1. **Cyclic Peptide Structure**: The molecule is a cyclic peptide, which means it has a ring structure formed by peptide bonds. This cyclic nature provides stability and resistance to enzymatic degradation, enhancing its potential as an antibiotic.

2. **Amide Bonds**: The presence of multiple amide bonds within the cyclic structure contributes to the molecule's rigidity and stability. These bonds are formed between the amino acids, providing a backbone that is resistant to hydrolysis.

3. **Sulfonate Groups**: The molecule contains several sulfonate groups, which are negatively charged at physiological pH. These groups enhance the molecule's solubility in water and contribute to its ability to interact with the negatively charged bacterial membrane phospholipids, disrupting membrane integrity.

4. **Chirality**: The molecule has several chiral centers, which are crucial for its biological activity. The specific stereochemistry ensures that the molecule can effectively bind to its target sites on bacterial membranes.

5. **Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Regions**: The molecule has both hydrophobic (e.g., alkyl chains) and hydrophilic (e.g., sulfonate groups) regions. This amphipathic nature allows it to insert into lipid bilayers, disrupting membrane function and leading to cell lysis.

6. **Methylamino and Methanesulfonamide Groups**: These functional groups contribute to the molecule's solubility and may play a role in its interaction with bacterial membranes. The methanesulfonamide group, in particular, can enhance the molecule's ability to form ionic interactions with the membrane.

7. **Potential for Ionization**: The presence of sulfonate groups means the molecule can exist in an ionized form, which is important for its solubility and interaction with biological targets.

Overall, the given molecule's structure, with its cyclic peptide backbone, sulfonate groups, and specific stereochemistry, is well-suited for its role as an antibiotic, particularly against Gram-negative bacteria. Its ability to disrupt bacterial membranes is a direct result of these structural features.

---

## Molecule 86

**SMILES:** CC(=O)N(C)C1=C(C(=C(C(=C1I)C(=O)NCC(=O)NC2=C(C(=C(C(=C2I)C(=O)O)I)C(=O)NCCO)I)I)C(=O)NC)I.CNC[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@@H](CO)O)O)O)O

**IUPAC Name:** 3-[[2-[[3-[acetyl(methyl)amino]-2,4,6-triiodo-5-(methylcarbamoyl)benzoyl]amino]acetyl]amino]-5-(2-hydroxyethylcarbamoyl)-2,4,6-triiodobenzoic acid;(2R,3R,4R,5S)-6-(methylamino)hexane-1,2,3,4,5-pentol

**Description:** Ioxaglate Meglumine is the meglumine salt form of ioxaglate, an organic iodine compound and a radiographic contrast medium. Ioxaglate meglumine blocks x-rays as they pass through the body, thereby allowing body structures not containing iodine to be visualized. The degree of opacity produced by ioxaglate meglumine is directly proportional to the total amount of the iodinated contrast agent in the path of the x-rays. The visualization of body structures is dependent upon the distribution and elimination of ioxaglate meglumine. (NCI05)


**Response:** The given molecule is a complex compound that includes both an aromatic component and a carbohydrate moiety, reflecting its dual nature as a diagnostic agent. Let's break down its chemical properties based on its structural features:

1. **Aromatic Component**: The aromatic portion of the molecule is derived from a benzene ring that is heavily substituted. It contains three iodine atoms, which are known for their high atomic mass and ability to absorb X-rays. This property is crucial for its role as a contrast agent in medical imaging, as it enhances the visibility of structures by providing a high contrast in radiographic images.

2. **Functional Groups on the Aromatic Ring**: The aromatic ring is further modified with an acetyl group, a methylcarbamoyl group, and a sodium ion. The acetyl group introduces a carbonyl functionality, which can participate in hydrogen bonding and influence the molecule's solubility and reactivity. The methylcarbamoyl group is a derivative of carbamic acid, which can also engage in hydrogen bonding, affecting the molecule's interaction with biological systems.

3. **Sodium Ion**: The presence of a sodium ion suggests that the molecule is likely to be a salt, enhancing its solubility in aqueous environments. This is important for its function as a contrast agent, as it needs to be readily soluble in bodily fluids to be effective.

4. **Carbohydrate Moiety**: The molecule also contains a sugar-like structure, specifically a hexanoic acid derivative with multiple hydroxyl groups. This part of the molecule is likely to increase its hydrophilicity, enhancing its solubility in water. The hydroxyl groups can form hydrogen bonds, which may influence the molecule's interaction with proteins and other biological molecules.

5. **Amide Linkages**: The presence of amide linkages in the structure suggests that the molecule can participate in hydrogen bonding, which is important for its stability and interaction with biological targets. These linkages also contribute to the overall rigidity and conformation of the molecule.

6. **Overall Solubility and Stability**: The combination of hydrophilic groups (hydroxyl, amide, and sodium salt) and hydrophobic iodine atoms suggests that the molecule has amphiphilic properties, which can be beneficial for its function as a contrast agent. The stability of the molecule is enhanced by the aromatic and amide linkages, which are generally resistant to hydrolysis and other chemical reactions.

In summary, the given molecule's chemical properties are characterized by its ability to enhance X-ray contrast due to the iodine atoms, its solubility and stability provided by the sodium salt and amide linkages, and its interaction with biological systems facilitated by the hydrophilic carbohydrate moiety. These properties make it suitable for use as a diagnostic agent in medical imaging.

---

## Molecule 87

**SMILES:** CC[C@H]1CCC[C@@H]([C@H](C(=O)C2=C[C@H]3[C@@H]4C[C@@H](C[C@H]4C(=C[C@H]3[C@@H]2CC(=O)O1)C)O[C@H]5[C@@H]([C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H](O5)C)OC)OC)OC)C)O[C@H]6CC[C@@H]([C@H](O6)C)N(C)C

**IUPAC Name:** (1S,2S,5R,7S,9S,10S,14R,15S,19S)-15-[(2R,5S,6R)-5-(dimethylamino)-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxy-19-ethyl-4,14-dimethyl-7-[(2R,3R,4R,5S,6S)-3,4,5-trimethoxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxy-20-oxatetracyclo[10.10.0.02,10.05,9]docosa-3,11-diene-13,21-dione

**Description:** Spinosyn D is a spinosyn in which the sugar amino and hydroxy groups are globally methylated with an additional methyl substituent attached to the tetracyclic skeleton. One of the two active ingredients of spinosad. It has a role as a pediculicide. It is a spinosyn and a spinosyn insecticide. Spinosyn D is a natural product found in Gossypium with data available.


**Response:** The given molecule, Spinosyn A, is a complex macrolide with a tetracyclic core structure. It is characterized by its intricate stereochemistry and multiple functional groups, which contribute to its chemical properties and biological activity.

1. **Macrolide Structure**: The macrolide nature of the given molecule indicates that it contains a large macrocyclic lactone ring. This ring is crucial for its biological activity, as it allows the molecule to interact with specific biological targets, such as insect ion channels.

2. **Tetracyclic Core**: The presence of a tetracyclic core structure provides rigidity and a defined three-dimensional shape, which is important for its binding specificity to insect ion channels. This structural feature is essential for its role as an insecticide, as it allows the molecule to fit into the binding sites of its target with high precision.

3. **Stereochemistry**: The given molecule has multiple chiral centers, which are indicated by the stereochemical descriptors in its IUPAC name. The specific configuration of these chiral centers is critical for its biological activity, as it determines the molecule's three-dimensional shape and how it interacts with biological targets.

4. **Functional Groups**: The molecule contains several functional groups, including methoxy groups, dimethylamino groups, and ether linkages. These groups contribute to its solubility, stability, and ability to interact with biological membranes. The dimethylamino group, in particular, can participate in hydrogen bonding and ionic interactions, which may enhance its binding affinity to target sites.

5. **Biological Activity**: The given molecule's role as an insecticide is primarily due to its ability to bind to insect ion channels. This binding disrupts normal ion flow, leading to paralysis and death of the insect. Its effectiveness as an insecticide is enhanced by its specificity for insect ion channels, which are different from those in mammals, thus minimizing toxicity to non-target organisms.

6. **Natural Product Origin**: Being derived from the fermentation of Saccharopolyspora pogona, the given molecule is a natural product, which often implies a degree of biocompatibility and reduced environmental persistence compared to synthetic compounds.

Overall, the chemical properties of the given molecule, such as its macrolide structure, stereochemistry, and functional groups, are intricately linked to its role as an insecticide and its interactions with biological systems.

---

## Molecule 88

**SMILES:** CC(=O)OCC1=CC[C@@H]2C[C@H]1C2(C)C

**IUPAC Name:** [(1S,5R)-6,6-dimethyl-2-bicyclo[3.1.1]hept-2-enyl]methyl acetate

**Description:** Bicyclo[3. 1. 1]hept-2-ene-2-methanol, 6,6-dimethyl-, 2-acetate, (1S,5R)- is a natural product found in Artemisia annua and Apium graveolens with data available.


**Response:** The given molecule is a bicyclic monoterpenoid ester, characterized by its bicyclo[3.1.1]heptene core structure with a dimethyl substitution and an acetate ester group. This structure imparts several notable chemical properties:

1. **Bicyclic Structure**: The bicyclo[3.1.1]heptene framework contributes to the rigidity and compactness of the molecule. This rigidity can influence the molecule's interaction with biological targets, often enhancing its binding affinity due to the fixed spatial arrangement of functional groups.

2. **Dimethyl Substitution**: The presence of two methyl groups on the bicyclic framework increases the hydrophobic character of the molecule. This can affect its solubility, making it more soluble in nonpolar solvents and potentially influencing its bioavailability and interaction with lipid membranes.

3. **Alkene Group**: The presence of an alkene (double bond) within the bicyclic structure introduces a site of unsaturation, which can participate in various chemical reactions such as hydrogenation, halogenation, or epoxidation. This reactivity can be exploited in synthetic modifications or metabolic transformations.

4. **Acetate Ester Group**: The acetate ester functional group is a common feature in many natural products, contributing to the molecule's overall lipophilicity. This ester group can undergo hydrolysis under acidic or basic conditions, releasing acetic acid and the corresponding alcohol. This property is significant in biological systems where esterases can catalyze such reactions, potentially altering the molecule's activity or function.

5. **Chirality**: The given molecule has chiral centers, as indicated by the stereochemical descriptors (1S,5R). This chirality is crucial for its interaction with chiral environments, such as enzymes or receptors, which can lead to enantioselective biological activity.

Overall, the combination of these structural features results in a molecule with specific solubility, reactivity, and biological interaction potential, making it an interesting subject for studies in natural product chemistry and pharmacology.

---

## Molecule 89

**SMILES:** CC[C@H]1C[C@H]2C[C@@H]3[C@H]1N(C2)CCC4=C3NC5=CC(=C(C=C45)OC)[C@H]6C[C@@H]7/C(=C\C)/CN([C@H]([C@@]7(CO)C(=O)OC)CC8=C6NC9=CC=CC=C89)C

**IUPAC Name:** methyl (1S,12R,14R,15E,18S)-15-ethylidene-12-[(1R,15S,17S,18S)-17-ethyl-7-methoxy-3,13-diazapentacyclo[13.3.1.02,10.04,9.013,18]nonadeca-2(10),4,6,8-tetraen-6-yl]-18-(hydroxymethyl)-17-methyl-10,17-diazatetracyclo[12.3.1.03,11.04,9]octadeca-3(11),4,6,8-tetraene-18-carboxylate

**Description:** methyl (1S,12R,14R,15E,18S)-15-ethylidene-12-[(1R,15S,17S,18S)-17-ethyl-7-methoxy-3,13-diazapentacyclo[13. 3. 1. 02,10. 04,9. 013,18]nonadeca-2(10),4,6,8-tetraen-6-yl]-18-(hydroxymethyl)-17-methyl-10,17-diazatetracyclo[12. 3. 1. 03,11. 04,9]octadeca-3(11),4,6,8-tetraene-18-carboxylate is a natural product found in Tabernaemontana corymbosa with data available.


**Response:** The given molecule is a complex natural product with a highly intricate structure, characterized by multiple rings and functional groups. It is found in Tabernaemontana corymbosa, a plant known for its diverse alkaloid content.

### Chemical Properties:

1. **Polycyclic Structure**: The molecule features a polycyclic framework, which includes several interconnected rings. This contributes to its rigidity and stability, often leading to specific biological activities due to the precise three-dimensional shape.

2. **Aromaticity**: The presence of tetraene (four double bonds) systems within the structure suggests regions of aromaticity. Aromatic systems are known for their stability and can participate in π-π interactions, which are significant in molecular recognition and binding processes.

3. **Functional Groups**:
   - **Hydroxymethyl Group**: The presence of a hydroxymethyl group introduces a site for hydrogen bonding, which can enhance solubility in polar solvents and influence the molecule's interaction with biological targets.
   - **Methoxy Group**: The methoxy group contributes to the molecule's lipophilicity and can affect its ability to cross cell membranes, impacting its bioavailability.
   - **Carboxylate Ester**: The ester functional group is a common feature in many natural products, often involved in hydrolysis reactions. This can lead to the release of the active form of the molecule in biological systems.

4. **Chirality**: The molecule contains several chiral centers, which are crucial for its biological activity. The specific stereochemistry can determine how the molecule interacts with enzymes and receptors, often dictating its pharmacological properties.

5. **Nitrogen Atoms**: The presence of nitrogen atoms within the diaza rings indicates that the molecule is an alkaloid. Alkaloids are known for their wide range of biological activities, including analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and antimicrobial properties.

6. **Ethylidene Group**: The ethylidene group introduces a site of unsaturation, which can participate in various chemical reactions, such as addition reactions, potentially modifying the molecule's activity or stability.

Overall, the given molecule's complex structure, with its multiple rings, functional groups, and chiral centers, suggests it has significant potential for biological activity, which is consistent with its natural occurrence in a plant known for medicinal properties.

---

## Molecule 90

**SMILES:** CC1=CC2=C([C@@H]3[C@H]4[C@H]5C6=C(C(=C7C(=C6[C@@H](N4[C@@H]([C@H](C2)N3)O)COC(=O)[C@@]8(CS5)C9=CC(=C(C=C9CCN8)O)OC)OCO7)C)OC(=O)C)C(=C1OC)O

**IUPAC Name:** [(1R,2S,3R,11S,12R,14R,26R)-5,6',12-trihydroxy-6,7'-dimethoxy-7,21-dimethyl-27-oxospiro[17,19,28-trioxa-24-thia-13,30-diazaheptacyclo[12.9.6.13,11.02,13.04,9.015,23.016,20]triaconta-4(9),5,7,15,20,22-hexaene-26,1'-3,4-dihydro-2H-isoquinoline]-22-yl] acetate

**Description:** [(1R,2S,3R,11S,12R,14R,26R)-5,6',12-trihydroxy-6,7'-dimethoxy-7,21-dimethyl-27-oxospiro[17,19,28-trioxa-24-thia-13,30-diazaheptacyclo[12. 9. 6. 13,11. 02,13. 04,9. 015,23. 016,20]triaconta-4(9),5,7,15,20,22-hexaene-26,1'-3,4-dihydro-2H-isoquinoline]-22-yl] acetate is a natural product found in Ecteinascidia turbinata with data available.


**Response:** The given molecule, known as Ecteinascidin 736, is a complex natural product with a highly intricate structure. It is characterized by a heptacyclic framework, which includes multiple rings and a variety of functional groups that contribute to its chemical properties.

1. **Hydroxyl Groups**: The presence of dihydroxy groups indicates that the molecule has two hydroxyl (-OH) groups. These groups are capable of forming hydrogen bonds, which can influence the solubility of the molecule in water and its interactions with biological targets.

2. **Methoxy Groups**: The dimethoxy substitution suggests the presence of two methoxy (-OCH3) groups. These groups can affect the molecule's lipophilicity, potentially enhancing its ability to cross lipid membranes, which is important for its biological activity.

3. **Methyl Groups**: The trimethyl substitution indicates three methyl (-CH3) groups. These groups are non-polar and can increase the hydrophobic character of the molecule, influencing its solubility and interaction with hydrophobic environments.

4. **Acetate Ester**: The acetate group is an ester functional group, which can be hydrolyzed under certain conditions. This group may play a role in the molecule's stability and reactivity, as well as its metabolic processing in biological systems.

5. **Thioether and Ether Linkages**: The presence of a thioether (sulfur-containing) linkage and ether (oxygen-containing) linkages within the heptacyclic structure suggests potential sites for chemical reactivity and interaction with biological molecules. These linkages can influence the molecule's conformation and flexibility.

6. **Ketone Group**: The oxo group indicates a ketone functional group, which is a polar moiety that can participate in hydrogen bonding and other interactions. This group can also be a site for nucleophilic attack, making it reactive under certain conditions.

7. **Aromatic Rings**: The trienyl component suggests the presence of conjugated double bonds, which may be part of aromatic rings. Aromaticity can contribute to the molecule's stability and its ability to participate in π-π interactions with other aromatic systems.

8. **Chirality**: The multiple chiral centers in the molecule indicate that it has specific three-dimensional configurations, which are crucial for its biological activity. The stereochemistry can affect how the molecule interacts with enzymes and receptors.

Overall, the given molecule's complex structure, with its diverse functional groups and stereochemistry, plays a significant role in its chemical properties and biological activity. These features contribute to its potential as a natural product with pharmacological applications.

---

## Molecule 91

**SMILES:** CC(=CC(=O)OC[C@@]1([C@H]2C[C@H]2[C@]3([C@H]1CC4=C(C(=O)O[C@]45[C@H]3CC6=C7[C@@H]5/C(=C(\C)/C(=O)OC)/C(=O)[C@@H]([C@]7([C@H]8[C@@H]6C8)C)O)COC(=O)C)C)O)C

**IUPAC Name:** [(1R,2S,8R,9S,10S,12R,13S,14S,17S,19R,20S,21R,23Z)-5-(acetyloxymethyl)-9,21-dihydroxy-23-(1-methoxy-1-oxopropan-2-ylidene)-13,20-dimethyl-4,22-dioxo-3-oxaoctacyclo[14.7.1.02,6.02,14.08,13.010,12.017,19.020,24]tetracosa-5,16(24)-dien-9-yl]methyl 3-methylbut-2-enoate

**Description:** [(1R,2S,8R,9S,10S,12R,13S,14S,17S,19R,20S,21R,23Z)-5-(acetyloxymethyl)-9,21-dihydroxy-23-(1-methoxy-1-oxopropan-2-ylidene)-13,20-dimethyl-4,22-dioxo-3-oxaoctacyclo[14. 7. 1. 02,6. 02,14. 08,13. 010,12. 017,19. 020,24]tetracosa-5,16(24)-dien-9-yl]methyl 3-methylbut-2-enoate is a natural product found in Chloranthus fortunei with data available.


**Response:** The given molecule is a complex natural product with a highly intricate structure, which can be found in Chloranthus serratus. Its chemical properties are influenced by its structural features, which include multiple functional groups and a polycyclic framework.

1. **Polycyclic Structure**: The molecule has an octacyclic framework, which contributes to its rigidity and stability. This complex ring system can affect the molecule's solubility and interaction with biological targets, often leading to specific biological activities.

2. **Hydroxyl Groups**: The presence of dihydroxy groups indicates potential for hydrogen bonding, which can influence solubility in polar solvents and affect the molecule's interaction with biological molecules, such as enzymes or receptors.

3. **Acetyloxy and Methoxy Groups**: These ester groups can undergo hydrolysis under acidic or basic conditions, which may be relevant for the molecule's metabolism and bioavailability. The methoxy group also contributes to the molecule's overall polarity and can affect its solubility and reactivity.

4. **Keto Groups**: The presence of keto groups (oxo groups) suggests potential sites for nucleophilic attack, which can be important in chemical reactions such as reductions or additions. These groups also contribute to the molecule's overall polarity.

5. **Conjugated System**: The molecule contains a conjugated enone system, which can participate in various chemical reactions, such as Michael additions. This conjugation can also affect the molecule's UV-visible absorption properties, potentially making it detectable by spectroscopic methods.

6. **Stereochemistry**: The molecule has multiple chiral centers, which can significantly influence its chemical properties, including its interaction with chiral environments, such as enzymes or receptors in biological systems. The specific stereochemistry can determine the molecule's biological activity and specificity.

Overall, the given molecule's chemical properties are a result of its complex polycyclic structure, diverse functional groups, and specific stereochemistry, all of which contribute to its potential biological activities and interactions.

---

## Molecule 92

**SMILES:** CC[C@]1(C[C@@H](C2=C([C@H]1C(=O)OC)C(=C3C(=C2O)C(=O)C4=C(C3=O)C=CC=C4OC)O)O[C@H]5C[C@@H]([C@@H]([C@@H](O5)C)O)N)O

**IUPAC Name:** methyl (1R,2R,4S)-4-[(2R,4S,5S,6S)-4-amino-5-hydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxy-2-ethyl-2,5,12-trihydroxy-7-methoxy-6,11-dioxo-3,4-dihydro-1H-tetracene-1-carboxylate

**Description:** 4-O-methylrhodomycin D is an anthracycline that is aklavinone having a 3-amino-2,3,6-trideoxy-alpha-L-lyxo-hexopyranosyl residue and a methyl group attached as positions 4 and 7 respectively. It has a role as a metabolite. It is an aminoglycoside, an anthracycline antibiotic, a deoxy hexoside, a monosaccharide derivative, an aromatic ether, a methyl ester and an acenoquinone. It is functionally related to an aklavinone. It is a conjugate base of a 4-O-methylrhodomycin D(1+).


**Response:** The given molecule is a complex natural product with a variety of functional groups and stereochemistry, which contribute to its chemical properties. It is a derivative of the anthracycline class, known for its use in cancer treatment due to its ability to intercalate DNA.

### Chemical Properties:

1. **Functional Groups:**
   - **Methyl Ester:** The presence of a methyl ester group contributes to the molecule's hydrophobic character and can influence its solubility and permeability across cell membranes.
   - **Hydroxyl Groups:** The multiple hydroxyl groups increase the molecule's polarity and potential for hydrogen bonding, which can affect its solubility in water and its interaction with biological molecules.
   - **Amino Group:** The amino group is basic and can participate in hydrogen bonding and ionic interactions, which are important for the molecule's binding to DNA and other targets.
   - **Methoxy Groups:** These groups can affect the electronic properties of the aromatic system, potentially influencing the molecule's reactivity and interaction with biological targets.

2. **Stereochemistry:**
   - The molecule has several chiral centers, which are crucial for its biological activity. The specific stereochemistry can affect how the molecule fits into the binding sites of enzymes or DNA, influencing its efficacy and specificity as a drug.

3. **Aromatic System:**
   - The tetracene core is a planar aromatic system, which is essential for the molecule's ability to intercalate between DNA base pairs. This intercalation is a key mechanism by which anthracyclines exert their cytotoxic effects, disrupting DNA replication and transcription.

4. **Glycosidic Linkage:**
   - The molecule contains a glycosidic linkage, which is a common feature in many natural products that enhances solubility and can influence the molecule's pharmacokinetics and biodistribution.

5. **Oxan Ring:**
   - The oxan ring contributes to the molecule's three-dimensional structure, which is important for its interaction with biological targets. The presence of a methyl group on this ring can also affect the molecule's hydrophobicity and steric interactions.

Overall, the given molecule's chemical properties are largely defined by its functional groups, stereochemistry, and aromatic system, which together contribute to its biological activity and potential therapeutic applications.

---

## Molecule 93

**SMILES:** CC(C)C[C@@H](C(=O)O)NC(=O)[C@H](CCC(=O)N)N

**IUPAC Name:** (2S)-2-[[(2S)-2,5-diamino-5-oxopentanoyl]amino]-4-methylpentanoic acid

**Description:** Gln-Leu is a dipeptide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of L-glutamine with the amino group of L-leucine. It is functionally related to a L-glutamine and a L-leucine.


**Response:** The given molecule is a dipeptide composed of two amino acids: glutamine (Gln) and leucine (Leu). As a dipeptide, it consists of two amino acid residues linked by a peptide bond. 

The structure of the given molecule includes several functional groups that contribute to its chemical properties:

1. **Amino Groups**: The presence of amino groups in both the glutamine and leucine residues makes the molecule basic. These groups can participate in hydrogen bonding and can act as proton acceptors, which is important for the molecule's solubility in water and its interaction with other biomolecules.

2. **Carboxylic Acid Group**: The leucine residue contributes a carboxylic acid group, which can donate a proton, making the molecule amphoteric. This means it can act as both an acid and a base, which is crucial for its role in biological systems.

3. **Amide Bond**: The peptide bond between the glutamine and leucine residues is an amide linkage. This bond is relatively stable and resistant to hydrolysis under physiological conditions, which is important for the stability of the dipeptide in biological environments.

4. **Hydrophobic Side Chain**: The leucine residue has a hydrophobic side chain, which can influence the overall hydrophobicity of the molecule. This property affects how the dipeptide interacts with other molecules, particularly in aqueous environments where it may prefer to associate with other hydrophobic molecules or regions.

5. **Chirality**: The given molecule has chiral centers, which means it can exist in different stereoisomeric forms. The specific stereochemistry (S configuration) is important for its biological activity and interaction with enzymes and receptors.

Overall, the chemical properties of the given molecule, such as solubility, stability, and interaction with other molecules, are largely determined by its functional groups and stereochemistry. These properties are essential for its role as a metabolite in biological systems.

---

## Molecule 94

**SMILES:** C[C@@]12CC[C@H]3[C@@]4([C@@H](CC(=O)[C@]3([C@@]15[C@H](O5)C(=O)O[C@H]2C6=COC=C6)C)C(O[C@H]4CC(=O)O)(C)C)C

**IUPAC Name:** 2-[(1R,2R,4S,7S,8S,11S,12R,13S,16R)-7-(furan-3-yl)-1,8,12,15,15-pentamethyl-5,18-dioxo-3,6,14-trioxapentacyclo[9.7.0.02,4.02,8.012,16]octadecan-13-yl]acetic acid

**Description:** 2-[(1R,2R,4S,7S,8S,11S,12R,13S,16R)-7-(furan-3-yl)-1,8,12,15,15-pentamethyl-5,18-dioxo-3,6,14-trioxapentacyclo[9. 7. 0. 02,4. 02,8. 012,16]octadecan-13-yl]acetic acid is a natural product found in Citrus medica, Citrus medica var. sarcodactylis, and Citrus sudachi with data available.


**Response:** The given molecule is a complex natural product with a highly intricate structure, characterized by multiple rings and functional groups. It is found in the plant Clausena emarginata. Let's break down its chemical properties based on its structural features:

1. **Pentacyclic Structure**: The molecule contains a pentacyclic framework, which means it has five interconnected rings. This contributes to its rigidity and stability. Such a structure often results in unique biological activities due to the specific three-dimensional shape it imparts.

2. **Furan Ring**: The presence of a furan ring, a five-membered aromatic ring containing oxygen, contributes to the molecule's aromaticity and potential reactivity. Furan rings are known for their electron-rich nature, which can participate in various chemical reactions, such as electrophilic aromatic substitution.

3. **Methyl Groups**: The molecule has several methyl groups attached to its structure. These groups increase the hydrophobic character of the molecule, potentially affecting its solubility and interaction with biological membranes. Methyl groups can also influence the molecule's overall shape and steric properties.

4. **Dioxo Groups**: The presence of two oxo groups (carbonyl groups) suggests potential sites for hydrogen bonding and dipole interactions. These groups can also participate in keto-enol tautomerism, which may affect the molecule's reactivity and stability.

5. **Trioxapentacyclic System**: The trioxapentacyclic system indicates the presence of three oxygen atoms within the pentacyclic structure. This can enhance the molecule's ability to form hydrogen bonds and interact with polar environments, which is significant for its biological activity.

6. **Acetic Acid Moiety**: The acetic acid group at one end of the molecule introduces acidity, allowing the molecule to participate in acid-base reactions. This functional group can also form esters and amides, which are important for modifying the molecule's properties and interactions.

Overall, the given molecule's complex structure, with its combination of aromatic, aliphatic, and functional groups, suggests it may have significant biological activity, potentially contributing to its role as a natural product in Clausena emarginata. Its chemical properties, such as aromaticity, hydrophobicity, and potential for hydrogen bonding, are crucial for its interactions in biological systems.

---

## Molecule 95

**SMILES:** C[C@H](CCC(=O)NCCS(=O)(=O)O)[C@H]1CC[C@@H]2[C@@]1(CC[C@H]3[C@H]2CC[C@H]4[C@@]3(CC[C@H](C4)O)C)C

**IUPAC Name:** 2-[[(4R)-4-[(3R,5R,8R,9S,10S,13R,14S,17R)-3-hydroxy-10,13-dimethyl-2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,11,12,14,15,16,17-tetradecahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-17-yl]pentanoyl]amino]ethanesulfonic acid

**Description:** Taurolithocholic acid is the bile acid taurine conjugate of lithocholic acid. It has a role as a human metabolite. It is a monocarboxylic acid amide and a bile acid taurine conjugate. It is functionally related to a lithocholic acid. It is a conjugate acid of a taurolithocholate. Taurolithocholic acid is a natural product found in Aeromonas veronii, Homo sapiens, and Bos taurus with data available. A bile salt formed in the liver from lithocholic acid conjugation with taurine, usually as the sodium salt. It solubilizes fats for absorption and is itself absorbed. It is a cholagogue and choleretic.


**Response:** The given molecule is a bile acid taurine conjugate, which means it is derived from bile acids and conjugated with taurine. Bile acids are steroid acids found predominantly in the bile of mammals. They play a crucial role in the digestion and absorption of dietary fats and fat-soluble vitamins.

### Chemical Properties:

1. **Steroid Backbone**: The given molecule has a steroid backbone, which is a characteristic feature of bile acids. This backbone consists of four fused rings, three cyclohexane rings, and one cyclopentane ring. The rigidity and planarity of this structure contribute to its ability to interact with lipid molecules, facilitating the emulsification of dietary fats.

2. **Hydroxyl Group**: The presence of a hydroxyl group (–OH) on the steroid backbone increases the molecule's polarity. This hydroxyl group is crucial for the molecule's solubility in water and its ability to form micelles, which are essential for the emulsification of fats.

3. **Methyl Groups**: The steroid structure includes methyl groups, which contribute to the hydrophobic character of the molecule. This hydrophobicity is important for the interaction with lipid molecules, allowing the bile acid to effectively solubilize dietary fats.

4. **Taurine Conjugation**: The molecule is conjugated with taurine, a sulfonic acid, which enhances its solubility in the aqueous environment of the intestine. This conjugation is important for the molecule's role in digestion, as it increases the molecule's polarity and water solubility, facilitating its function in the emulsification and absorption of fats.

5. **Amide Linkage**: The taurine conjugation occurs through an amide linkage, which is a stable bond that connects the taurine to the bile acid. This linkage is crucial for the stability of the molecule in the digestive tract.

6. **Sulfonic Acid Group**: The sulfonic acid group in taurine contributes to the molecule's overall negative charge, enhancing its solubility in water. This property is essential for the molecule's function in the digestive system, as it allows the bile acid to remain in solution and perform its role in fat digestion.

Overall, the structural features of the given molecule, including its steroid backbone, hydroxyl group, methyl groups, taurine conjugation, amide linkage, and sulfonic acid group, collectively contribute to its role as a bile acid in the digestion and absorption of dietary fats.

---

## Molecule 96

**SMILES:** C[C@H]1CC[C@H]2[C@@]([C@]3([C@H](C[C@]4([C@@H]5CC[C@H]6[C@]7([C@]5(C[C@]4([C@@H]3CN2C1)O)O[C@@]6([C@H](CC7)OC(=O)C8=CC(=C(C=C8)OC)OC)O)C)O)O)O)(C)O

**IUPAC Name:** [(1R,2S,6S,9S,10R,11S,12S,14R,15S,18S,19S,22S,23S,25R)-1,10,11,12,14,23-hexahydroxy-6,10,19-trimethyl-24-oxa-4-azaheptacyclo[12.12.0.02,11.04,9.015,25.018,23.019,25]hexacosan-22-yl] 3,4-dimethoxybenzoate

**Description:** Veratridine is a steroid. It has a role as a sodium channel modulator. It is functionally related to a cevane. A benzoate-cevane found in VERATRUM and Schoenocaulon. It activates SODIUM CHANNELS to stay open longer than normal.


**Response:** The given molecule is a complex natural product with a highly intricate structure, characterized by multiple stereocenters and a polycyclic framework. It is found in Veratrum album, commonly known as white hellebore, and is known for its biological activity.

### Chemical Properties:

1. **Polycyclic Structure**: The molecule features a heptacyclic framework, which contributes to its rigidity and stability. This complex structure is typical of many natural products that have evolved to interact specifically with biological targets.

2. **Hydroxyl Groups**: The presence of multiple hydroxyl groups (hexahydroxy) suggests that the molecule is highly polar and capable of forming hydrogen bonds. This can significantly influence its solubility in water and its interaction with biological molecules, such as proteins and enzymes.

3. **Methoxy Groups**: The dimethoxybenzoate moiety introduces methoxy groups, which can affect the molecule's lipophilicity. Methoxy groups can also participate in hydrogen bonding and can influence the electronic properties of the aromatic ring, potentially affecting the molecule's reactivity and interaction with biological targets.

4. **Stereochemistry**: The molecule has numerous chiral centers, which means it exists in a specific three-dimensional configuration. This stereochemistry is crucial for its biological activity, as it determines how the molecule fits into and interacts with biological receptors or enzymes.

5. **Aromatic Ester**: The benzoate ester linkage in the molecule can be susceptible to hydrolysis under certain conditions, which might be relevant for its metabolism and bioavailability in biological systems.

6. **Biological Activity**: As a natural product, the given molecule is likely to have evolved to interact with specific biological pathways. Its complex structure and functional groups suggest it may have potent biological activities, potentially including effects on the nervous system, as seen with other compounds from Veratrum species.

Overall, the given molecule's chemical properties are largely dictated by its polycyclic structure, functional groups, and stereochemistry, all of which contribute to its potential biological activities and interactions.

---

## Molecule 97

**SMILES:** COC1=CC2=C(C=CC(=O)O2)C(=C1)OC

**IUPAC Name:** 5,7-dimethoxychromen-2-one

**Description:** 5,7-dimethoxy-1-benzopyran-2-one is a member of coumarins. 5,7-Dimethoxycoumarin is a natural product found in Edgeworthia chrysantha, Melicope borbonica, and other organisms with data available.


**Response:** The given molecule is a derivative of coumarin, characterized by a benzopyrone structure. It features a chromen-2-one core, which is a fused benzene and α-pyrone ring system. The presence of two methoxy groups at the 5th and 7th positions on the benzene ring significantly influences its chemical properties.

The methoxy groups are electron-donating due to the presence of lone pairs on the oxygen atom. This electron donation increases the electron density on the aromatic ring, enhancing its nucleophilic character. As a result, the given molecule may exhibit increased reactivity in electrophilic aromatic substitution reactions compared to unsubstituted coumarin.

The lactone moiety in the chromen-2-one structure contributes to the molecule's ability to participate in hydrogen bonding and other polar interactions. This can affect its solubility and interaction with biological molecules, potentially influencing its bioavailability and activity as a natural product.

Overall, the structural features of the given molecule, including the methoxy substitutions and the lactone ring, play a crucial role in determining its chemical reactivity and interaction with biological systems.

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## Molecule 98

**SMILES:** CC[C@H]1[C@@](C2[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H](C[C@]([C@@H]([C@@H]([C@@H]([C@@H](C(=O)O1)C)O[C@H]3C[C@@]([C@H]([C@@H](O3)C)O)(C)OC)C)O[C@H]4[C@@H]([C@H](C[C@@H](O4)C)N(C)C)O)(C)O)C)N[C@H](O2)COCCOC)C)(C)O

**IUPAC Name:** (2R,3S,6S,7S,8R,9R,10S,12R,13S,15R,17R)-9-[(2S,3R,4S,6S)-4-(dimethylamino)-3-hydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxy-3-ethyl-2,10-dihydroxy-7-[(2R,4R,5S,6S)-5-hydroxy-4-methoxy-4,6-dimethyloxan-2-yl]oxy-15-(2-methoxyethoxymethyl)-2,6,8,10,12,17-hexamethyl-4,16-dioxa-14-azabicyclo[11.3.1]heptadecan-5-one

**Description:** Dirithromycin is a semi-synthetic macrolide antibiotic pro-drug. Dirithromycin is converted by hydrolysis during intestinal absorption into the microbiologically active erythromycylamine. Eryhtromylamine binds to the 50 S subunit of the 70 S ribosome of susceptible organisms, thereby inhibiting bacterial RNA-dependent protein synthesis. This antibiotic is used in the treatment of infections of the respiratory tract, skin and soft tissue caused by gram-positive microorganisms, including S. aureus, S. pneumonia and pyogenes, gram-negative microorganisms, including H. influenzae, L. pneumophila, M. catarrhalis, and M. pneumoniae.


**Response:** The given molecule, dirithromycin, is a semi-synthetic macrolide antibiotic pro-drug. Its chemical properties are largely influenced by its structural features, which include a complex macrolide ring system and various functional groups.

1. **Macrolide Ring System**: The core structure of the given molecule is a macrolide, which is a large lactone ring. This ring is crucial for its biological activity as it allows the molecule to interact with bacterial ribosomes. The macrolide ring is responsible for binding to the 50S subunit of the bacterial ribosome, inhibiting protein synthesis, which is essential for bacterial growth and replication.

2. **Functional Groups**: The molecule contains several functional groups that contribute to its chemical properties:
   - **Hydroxyl Groups**: The presence of multiple hydroxyl groups increases the molecule's polarity and solubility in water. These groups can also participate in hydrogen bonding, which can affect the molecule's interaction with biological targets.
   - **Methoxy Groups**: The methoxy groups contribute to the molecule's lipophilicity, which can influence its ability to penetrate bacterial cell membranes.
   - **Dimethylamino Group**: This group is basic and can participate in ionic interactions, which may enhance the molecule's binding affinity to its target.
   - **Ether Linkages**: The ether linkages in the molecule contribute to its structural stability and influence its conformational flexibility, which is important for its biological activity.

3. **Pro-drug Nature**: Dirithromycin is a pro-drug, meaning it is metabolized in the body to its active form, erythromycylamine. This conversion is necessary because the pro-drug form has improved pharmacokinetic properties, such as better absorption and distribution, which are crucial for its effectiveness as an antibiotic.

4. **Stereochemistry**: The stereochemistry of the given molecule is complex, with multiple chiral centers. This stereochemistry is critical for its biological activity, as the specific three-dimensional arrangement of atoms is necessary for proper binding to the bacterial ribosome.

Overall, the chemical properties of dirithromycin, such as its solubility, stability, and ability to interact with bacterial ribosomes, are intricately linked to its structural features, including the macrolide ring, various functional groups, and its stereochemistry. These properties enable it to function effectively as an antibiotic, targeting bacterial protein synthesis.

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## Molecule 99

**SMILES:** COC1=C(C=C(C=C1)C2=C(C(=O)C3=C(C=C(C=C3O2)O)O)O)O

**IUPAC Name:** 3,5,7-trihydroxy-2-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)chromen-4-one

**Description:** Tamarixetin is a monomethoxyflavone that is quercetin methylated at position O-4'. Isolated from Cyperus teneriffae. It has a role as a metabolite and an antioxidant. It is a 7-hydroxyflavonol, a monomethoxyflavone and a tetrahydroxyflavone. It is functionally related to a quercetin.


**Response:** The given molecule is a type of flavonoid, specifically a flavonol, which is characterized by its chromen-4-one backbone. This structure is a fused ring system consisting of a benzene ring and a pyrone ring. The presence of multiple hydroxyl groups and a methoxy group in the molecule contributes significantly to its chemical properties.

The hydroxyl groups, located at various positions on the chromen-4-one and phenyl rings, enhance the molecule's ability to participate in hydrogen bonding. This can increase its solubility in polar solvents like water and contribute to its antioxidant properties. The hydroxyl groups can donate hydrogen atoms, which allows the molecule to neutralize free radicals, making it a potential antioxidant.

The methoxy group on the phenyl ring can influence the molecule's electronic properties. It is an electron-donating group through resonance, which can affect the reactivity of the aromatic ring. This can enhance the stability of the molecule and potentially influence its interaction with biological targets.

Overall, the combination of hydroxyl and methoxy groups in the given molecule suggests it may have significant biological activity, including antioxidant and potential anti-inflammatory properties, which are common among flavonoids. These properties make it an interesting compound for further study in natural product chemistry and pharmacology.

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## Molecule 100

**SMILES:** C1=CC(=C(C=C1C2=CC(=C(C=C2)Cl)Cl)Cl)Cl

**IUPAC Name:** 1,2-dichloro-4-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)benzene

**Description:** 3,3',4,4'-tetrachlorobiphenyl is a tetrachlorobiphenyl that is biphenyl in which the hydrogens at position 3 and 4 on each phenyl group are replaced by chlorines. It is a tetrachlorobiphenyl and a dichlorobenzene. 3,3',4,4'-Tetrachlorobiphenyl is one of 209 polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs). PCBs are a group of synthetic organic compounds with 1-10 chlorine atoms attached to biphenyl. They were manufactured as commercial mixtures but banned in the 1970's because they were found to bioaccumulate and cause harmful health effects. However, PCBs do not break down readily and are still found in the environment. (L4)


**Response:** The given molecule is a type of polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB), which consists of two benzene rings connected by a single bond, with chlorine atoms substituted at specific positions. In this case, the molecule has four chlorine atoms attached to the biphenyl structure. The chlorine atoms are located at the 1, 2, 3, and 5 positions on one of the benzene rings, and the second benzene ring is directly attached to the first one.

The presence of chlorine atoms significantly affects the chemical properties of the given molecule. Chlorine is highly electronegative, which means it can withdraw electron density from the benzene rings, making the molecule less reactive towards electrophilic aromatic substitution reactions. This electron-withdrawing effect also increases the molecule's stability, contributing to its persistence in the environment.

The high degree of chlorination in the given molecule results in a high degree of lipophilicity, meaning it is more soluble in fats and oils than in water. This property facilitates its accumulation in the fatty tissues of living organisms, leading to bioaccumulation and biomagnification in the food chain.

Additionally, the given molecule is resistant to degradation processes such as hydrolysis, oxidation, and microbial breakdown. This resistance to degradation is due to the stable carbon-chlorine bonds and the overall non-polar nature of the molecule, making it a persistent organic pollutant.

The chemical stability and lipophilicity of the given molecule contribute to its environmental persistence and potential for long-range transport, which are key factors in its ecological and health impacts.

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