%PDF-1.3 1 0 obj << /Kids [ 4 0 R 5 0 R 6 0 R 7 0 R 8 0 R 9 0 R 10 0 R 11 0 R 12 0 R ] /Type /Pages /Count 9 >> endobj 2 0 obj << /Subject (Neural Information Processing Systems http\072\057\057nips\056cc\057) /Publisher (Curran Associates\054 Inc\056) /Language (en\055US) /Created (2016) /EventType (Poster) /Description-Abstract (Two seemingly contradictory theories attempt to explain how humans move to intercept an airborne ball\056 One theory posits that humans predict the ball trajectory to optimally plan future actions\073 the other claims that\054 instead of performing such complicated computations\054 humans employ heuristics to reactively choose appropriate actions based on immediate visual feedback\056 In this paper\054 we show that interception strategies appearing to be heuristics can be understood as computational solutions to the optimal control problem faced by a ball\055catching agent acting under uncertainty\056 Modeling catching as a continuous partially observable Markov decision process and employing stochastic optimal control theory\054 we discover that the four main heuristics described in the literature are optimal solutions if the catcher has sufficient time to continuously visually track the ball\056 Specifically\054 by varying model parameters such as noise\054 time to ground contact\054 and perceptual latency\054 we show that different strategies arise under different circumstances\056 The catcher\047s policy switches between generating reactive and predictive behavior based on the ratio of system to observation noise and the ratio between reaction time and task duration\056 Thus\054 we provide a rational account of human ball\055catching behavior and a unifying explanation for seemingly contradictory theories of target interception on the basis of stochastic optimal control\056) /Producer (PyPDF2) /Title (Catching heuristics are optimal control policies) /Date (2016) /ModDate (D\07220170112172214\05508\04700\047) /Published (2016) /Type (Conference Proceedings) /firstpage (1426) /Book (Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems 29) /Description (Paper accepted and presented at the Neural Information Processing Systems Conference \050http\072\057\057nips\056cc\057\051) /Editors (D\056D\056 Lee and M\056 Sugiyama and U\056V\056 Luxburg and I\056 Guyon and R\056 Garnett) /Author (Boris Belousov\054 Gerhard Neumann\054 Constantin A\056 Rothkopf\054 Jan R\056 Peters) /lastpage (1434) >> endobj 3 0 obj << /Type /Catalog /Pages 1 0 R >> endobj 4 0 obj << /Contents 13 0 R /Parent 1 0 R /Resources 14 0 R /MediaBox [ 0 0 612 792 ] /Annots [ 28 0 R 29 0 R 30 0 R 31 0 R 32 0 R 33 0 R ] /Type /Page >> endobj 5 0 obj << /Contents 34 0 R /Parent 1 0 R /Resources 35 0 R /MediaBox [ 0 0 612 792 ] /Annots [ 64 0 R 65 0 R 66 0 R 67 0 R 68 0 R 69 0 R 70 0 R 71 0 R 72 0 R 73 0 R 74 0 R ] /Type /Page >> endobj 6 0 obj << /Contents 75 0 R /Parent 1 0 R /Resources 76 0 R /MediaBox [ 0 0 612 792 ] /Annots [ 109 0 R 110 0 R 111 0 R 112 0 R 113 0 R 114 0 R 115 0 R 116 0 R 117 0 R 118 0 R 119 0 R 120 0 R 121 0 R 122 0 R 123 0 R 124 0 R 125 0 R ] /Type /Page >> endobj 7 0 obj << /Contents 126 0 R /Parent 1 0 R /Resources 127 0 R /MediaBox [ 0 0 612 792 ] /Annots [ 132 0 R 133 0 R 134 0 R ] /Type /Page >> endobj 8 0 obj << /Contents 135 0 R /Parent 1 0 R /Resources 136 0 R /Group 156 0 R /MediaBox [ 0 0 612 792 ] /Annots [ 158 0 R 159 0 R 160 0 R 161 0 R 162 0 R 163 0 R 164 0 R 165 0 R 166 0 R 167 0 R 168 0 R 169 0 R 170 0 R 171 0 R 172 0 R 173 0 R 174 0 R ] /Type /Page >> endobj 9 0 obj << /Contents 175 0 R /Parent 1 0 R /Resources 176 0 R /Group 192 0 R /MediaBox [ 0 0 612 792 ] /Annots [ 206 0 R 207 0 R 208 0 R 209 0 R ] /Type /Page >> endobj 10 0 obj << /Contents 210 0 R /Parent 1 0 R /Resources 211 0 R /MediaBox [ 0 0 612 792 ] /Annots [ 223 0 R 224 0 R 225 0 R 226 0 R 227 0 R 228 0 R ] /Type /Page >> endobj 11 0 obj << /Contents 229 0 R /Parent 1 0 R /Resources 230 0 R /MediaBox [ 0 0 612 792 ] /Annots [ 238 0 R 239 0 R 240 0 R 241 0 R ] /Type /Page >> endobj 12 0 obj << /Contents 242 0 R /Parent 1 0 R /Type /Page /Resources 243 0 R /MediaBox [ 0 0 612 792 ] >> endobj 13 0 obj << /Length 3917 /Filter /FlateDecode >> stream xZ[6~%xڧ$Uxڇ( cTx5AT4qi4uSR?SQˣ",Tϯze{~_|xNaty8,̒݇m5է{?Y<4#apLjSd_BmS7fӫ :+L~vGEa Qg{h{acmYO(ӝPyӃYiy* >wM 0.bHCbv(ߓ75W3ȝ_|.#wywTuSq/!?OO{"b}0GDkW}f2`Upxi4wTt6$Zq{Z]m>(W'?g+ryۿt٘ vIIލԷu U,WPCIr'Qa;#{,<@Θa~5`4oܵ6]z!M'#U^5M|,bHD_/mEzKSS2~iAOPqayC®J)+ppP-L&Qy7G_}fA+"32L27L]}Hzp%j7ʷp5T4,}3ny'Bͤ, U$^>VuninIi<<)^)^FPmkn6w:rZ]gIs}ZJCyAd.F,wbvN Unmĸ~Cn^M7y ZYng!魞 맾T?9IJN%]utlR-PHmng(:n'FTEg1CU ~<aRAiD~2aH^%#B=kHZ0Q`*/y j`C^ *B퀹;"`N}@VݲZdJE+8 ƾ*DOk^q1PHo-֜3)xUǻÕ?<+Ĉ i [H_S4k3LK.ihg&=N7jc]}F3|&mpN\ 8- L㣩ѪE$ڌ.uG.J$\s}P¦frYb Bb""،5N'd9w!rC